Cancer stem cells: a paradigm shift in understanding cancerogenesis. Раковые стволовые клетки: смена парадигмы в понимании канцерогенеза
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Ключевые слова:
cancer stem cell (CSC), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor microenironment, раковые стволовые клетки (РСК), эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход (ЭМП), опухолевое микроокружение, натуральные килле therapy resistance, natural killer (NK) cells,Аннотация
The discovery of a minor cell population in tumors with features of tissue stem cells, which are called cancer stem cells (CSCs), has led to a new paradigm of cancerogenesis. According to this notion, many cancers (if not all) arise from CSCs, which renew themselves by asymmetric division (hierarchical model of cancerogenesis). A hierarchical model is distinct from a stochastic model, as the former is based on tumors arising not just from any tumor cell, but rather only from CSCs. The CSC concept bears answers to the most fundamental question of oncology, namely, how cancer cells relapse and metastasize after aggressive treatments including surgery and chemo- and radiotherapy. Therefore, understanding the biology of CSCs will open new avenues for cancer risk assessment, early detection, and prognostication as well as for developing new strategies for cancer prevention and therapies. Открытие минорной клеточной популяции в опухоли со свойствами тканевых стволовых клеток, названной раковыми стволовыми клетками (РСК), привело к новой парадигме канцерогенеза. Согласно этому представлению, многие виды рака (если не все) возникают из РСК, которые самообновляются путем асимметричного деления (иерархическая модель канцерогенеза). Иерархическая модель отличается от стохастической, поскольку первая основана на возникновении опухоли не из любой опухолевой клетки, а только из РСК. Концепция РСК дает ответы на большинство фундаментальных вопросов онкологии, например, как опухоли рецидивируют и метастазируют после энергичного лечения, включая хирургию и химио- и радиотерапию. Поэтому понимание биологии РСК откроет новые перспективы оценки риска, ранней диагностики и прогноза опухолевой прогрессии, а также разработки новых стратегий предотвращения и терапии рака.Библиографические ссылки
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2 Dalerba P., Cho R.W. and Clarke M.F. Cancer stem cells: models and concepts // Annu Rev Med. – 2007. – 58. – P. 267-284.
3 Wicha M.S., Liu S. and Dontu G. Cancer stem cells: an old idea – a paradigm shift // Cancer Res. – 2006. – 66(4). – P. 1883-1890.
4 Medema J.P. Cancer stem cells: the challenges ahead // Nat Cell Biol. – 2013. – 15(4). – P. 338-344.
5 Bonnet D. and Dick J.E. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive ematopoietic
cell // Nat Med. – 1997. – 3(7). – P. 730-737.
6 Al-Hajj M., et al. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. – 2003. – 100(7). – P. 3983-3988.
7 Park C.Y., Tseng D. and Weissman I.L. Cancer stem cell-directed therapies: recent data from the laboratory and clinic // Mol Ther. – 2009. – 17(2). – P. 219-230.
8 Tirino V., et al. Cancer stem cells in solid tumors: an overview and new approaches for their isolation and characterization // FASEB J. – 2013. – 27(1). – P. 13-24.
9 Visvader J.E. and Lindeman G.J. Cancer stem cells: current status and evolving complexities // Cell Stem Cell. – 2012. – 10(6). – P. 717-728.
10 Magee J.A., Piskounova E. and S.J. Morrison. Cancer stem cells: impact, heterogeneity, and uncertainty // Cancer Cell. – 2012. – 1(3). – P. 283-296.
11 Takaishi S., Okumura T. and Wang T.C. Gastric cancer stem cells // J Clin Oncol. – 2008. – 26(17). – P. 2876-2882.
12 Hanahan D. and Weinberg R.A. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation // Cell. – 2011. – 144(5). – P. 646-674.
13 Houghton J., et al. Gastric cancer originating from bone marrow-derived cells // Science. – 2004. – 306(5701). – P. 1568-1571.
14 Reya T., et al. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells // Nature. – 2001. – 414(6859). – P. 105-111.
15 Gu G., et al. Prostate cancer cells with stem cell characteristics reconstitute the original human tumor in vivo // Cancer Res. –2007. – 67(10). – P. 4807-4815.
16 Singh S.K., et al. Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors // Cancer Res. – 2003. – 63(18). – P. 5821-5828.
17 Mani S.A., et al. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells // Cell. – 2008. – 133(4).– P. 704-15.
18 Polyak K. and Weinberg R.A. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states: acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits // Nat Rev Cancer. – 2009. – 9(4). – P. 265-273.
19 Thiery J.P., et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease // Cell. – 2009. – 139(5). – P. 871-890.
20 Chaffer C.L. and Weinberg R.A. A perspective on cancer cell metastasis // Science. – 2011. – 331(6024). – P. 1559-1564.
21 Beck B. and Blanpain C. Unravelling cancer stem cell potential // Nat Rev Cancer. – 2013. – 13(10). – P. 727-738.
22 Vermeulen L., et al. The developing cancer stem-cell model: clinical challenges and opportunities // Lancet Oncol. – 2012. – 13(2). – e83-89.
23 Boman B.M. and Wicha M.S. Cancer stem cells: a step toward the cure // J Clin Oncol. – 2008. – 26(17). – P. 2795-2799.
24 Guzman M.L., et al. Preferential induction of apoptosis for primary human leukemic stem cells // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. –2002. – 99(25). – P. 16220-16225.
25 Jewett A. and Tseng H.C. Tumor induced inactivation of natural killer cell cytotoxic function; implication in growth, expansion and differentiation of cancer stem cells // J Cancer. – 2011. – 2. – P. 443-457.
26 Belyaev N.N. and Abramova V.A. Transmission of “split anergy” from tumor infiltrating to peripheral NK cells in a manner similar to “infectious tolerance” // Med Hypotheses. – 2014. – 82(2). – P. 129-133.
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Kali, A., Abdolla, N., Abramova, V. A., & Belyaev, N. N. (2015). Cancer stem cells: a paradigm shift in understanding cancerogenesis. Раковые стволовые клетки: смена парадигмы в понимании канцерогенеза. Вестник КазНУ. Серия биологическая, 60(1), 112–117. извлечено от https://bb.kaznu.kz/index.php/biology/article/view/69
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