А ВИРУС SARS-CoV-2: ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ, КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИЕ, ТЕРМОСТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ, ИНАКТИВАЦИЯ И ПАССИРОВАНИЕ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2022.v90.i1.07Ключевые слова:
SARS-CoV-2, культуры клеток, выделение, культивирование, термостабильность, инактивация, пассированиеАннотация
Коронавирусы – это большое семейство РНК-содержащих вирусов, способных инфицировать человека и ряд видов животных. В настоящее время известно о циркуляции среди населения нескольких видов коронавирусов, которые, как правило, вызывают заболевания верхних дыхательных путей и легких со средней тяжестью. К этому списку прибавилась новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Вирус быстро распространился во все страны мира. В последнее время в Казахстане данная инфекция наблюдается с ярко выраженной пневмонией среди населения.
При разработке вакцины нам пришлось работать с живым вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Следует отметить, что при работе с живым вирусом мы столкнулись с некоторыми вопросами касающихся биологической и физико-химических свойств вируса, которые остались вне внимания ученых мира. В связи с этим, в этих исследованиях нами были изучены некоторые физико-химические и биологические свойства казахстанского штамма вируса SARS-CoV-2, выделенного от больного пациента, заболевшего новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19, такие как термостабильность (сохраняемость), инактивация вируса различными концентрациями формальдегида при различных температурно-временных режимах и пассирование вируса в культуре клеток.
Проведены исследования по поиску дополнительных биологических моделей, чувствительных к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 и используемых in vitro. Установлено, наиболее чувствительными к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 были культуры клеток обезьян и свиней, в которых вирус активно репродуцировался.
Были изучены влияние условий хранения образцов нуклеиновых кислот вируса SARS-CoV-2, а также влияние условий окружающей среды к самому вирусу SARS-CoV-2. Результаты проведенных нами исследований показали, что процесс замораживания при температуре минус 70оС и размораживания при комнатной температуре (20-22 оС) не оказывает заметного влияния на качественный характер цитопатогенности, но оказывает негативное влияние на сохранность титра вируса.
Данные о влиянии химических факторов при работе с возбудителями болезней необходимы для создания условий биологической безопасности для персонала и окружающей среды, а также конструирования технологий изготовления биологических препаратов диагностического и профилактического назначения. В данном исследовании нами изучено влияние формальдегида к вирусу. Полученные результаты показывают, что инактивация вируса Sars-CoV-2 с помощью формалина зависит от концентрации формальдегида, температуры реакции, времени инкубации.
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