Биомаркеры эффекта: валовые и гистопатологические показатели атерины каспийской (Atherina boyeri) казахстанского сектора Каспийского моря
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2019-1-1397Аннотация
Особенностью ихтиофауны Северо-Восточной части Каспия является наличие в ее составе не только ценных промысловых видов рыб, но и малоценных видов, которыми участвуют в формировании пищевой цепочки. Рыбы, как верхнее трофическое звено водной экосистемы, считаются индикаторами загрязнения, поэтому патоморфологические исследования позволяют оценить и прогнозировать последствия нахождения токсических веществ в воде. В данной статье приведены результаты морфометрического и гистологического изучения атерины каспийской (Atherina boyeri), обитающей в Северо-Восточной части Каспийского моря. В результате исследовании были обнаружено, что биомаркерами-эффекта выступают патоморфологические изменения жаберной ткани и печени. Так, в жабрах наблюдаются деструктивные изменения ламелл, явления гиперплазии первичного и вторичного жаберного эпителия и дегенерации хрящевых элементов. В печени изменения проявлялись в виде паренхиматозной дистрофии гепатоцитов и сосудистой реакцией. Наблюдаемые патоморфологические изменения жабер и печени могут сказываться на выживаемости Atherina boyeri и эти органы могут служить
биомаркерам эффекта. Гистологическое изучение мышечной ткани и гонад не выявило паморфологических изменений и наблюдаемые процессы имеют обратимый характер. В данных исследованиях обосновывается использование атерины каспийской (Atherina boyeri) в качестве тестового вида мониторинга водного бассейна Каспийского моря и в том числе, для прогнозирования численности и качества промысловых видов.
Ключевые слова: атерина каспийская, A. boyeri caspia (Eichwald, 1838), Каспийское море, гистологические изменения, жабры, печень.
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