Some commercial fish species nutrition in the Kazakhstan part of the Caspian Sea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2019-4-b8Abstract
Investigation of nutrition and nutritional relationships of fish in the Northern Caspian is needed because this part of the water body is a feeding site for many fish species. The nutritional material was selected in the course of conducting comprehensive marine research in the Kazakhstan Caspian Sea waters, in the summer and autumn of 2018. A feeding research of such predatory fish as pike perch, asp, and sabrefish, as well asbream, roach, crucian carp, and golden mullet obtained from trawl catches, made it possible to trace the overall productivity formation of the reservoir and determine the reservoir water content. The researched fish had gastrointestinal tracts sufficiently filled with food. Fish with empty stomachs were rarely seen which indicates good nutrition and active consumption of food. It was revealed also that crustaceans, mollusks, and worms constituted the basis of the food intake of the fish of the benthophagous; while predatory species fed on the advanced fry. This suggests food plasticity and selectivity of fish. Also, benthophagous fish can eat a variety of food, and thus not create competition for each other in the diet. The lowest indices of gastrointestinal filling were in predatory fish species. The basis of the food lump in all analyzed fish was digested food. It can be noted that the fish caught on the digestive organs in the fall had fatty layers indicating that the fish were fed and did not experience a deficit in the food objects. According to the results of the research, the seasonal species diversity of feed objects in the north - eastern part of the Caspian Sea was also established.
Keywords: Caspian Sea, food, foraminifera, worms, crustaceans, mollusks.
References
1. Alfred-Ockiya, J.F. Study of food habits of goby, Porogobius schlegelii (Gunther, 1861) from Elechi Creek, off Bonny River, Niger Delta, Nigeria // J. Aquat. Sci. – 2000. - No 16. – P. 79-82.
2. Панин Г.Н., Мамедов Р.М., Митрофанов И. В. Современное состояние Каспийского моря. - М.: Наука, 2005. - 356 с.
3. Сапожников В.В.. Метревели М.П., Мордасова Н.В. Современное состояние экосистемы Каспийского моря и прогнозы дальнейших изменений // Мат. IV международной научно-практической конференции «Проблемы сохранения экосистемы Каспия в условиях освоения нефтегазовых месторождений». – Астрахань. – 2011. - С. 206-209.
4. Bone Q., Marshall N.B., Blaxter J.H.S. Biology of Fishes. 2nd Edn., Oxyfordshire: Bios Scientific Publishers, 2004. – 263 p.
5. Мутышева Г.К. Кормовая база, питание и пищевые отношения ранней молоди осетровых в Урало-Каспийском районе: автореферат дис. ... кандидата биологических наук. – Москва: ВНИРО, 2004. - 224 с
6. Сокольский А.Ф., Полянинова А.А., Ардабьева А.Г. и т.д. Состояние кормовой продуктивности Каспийского моря // Рыбохозяйственные исследования на Каспии. Результаты НИР за 2001 г. – Астрахань, 2002. – С. 124-136.
7. Полянинова А.А., Ардабьева А.Г., Белова Л.Н., Елизаренко М.М, Кашенцева Л.Н., Малиновская Л.В., Молодцова А.И., Смирнова Л.В. Особенности формирования кормовой продуктивности и питания рыб в Каспийском море // Первый конгресс ихтиологов России. - М.: ВНИРО, 2000. - 449 с.
8. Odum O., Anuta M. The food and feeding habits of Phractolaemus ansorgii (Boulenger) from Warri River, Nigeria // J. Aquat. Sci. – 2001. - No 16. – P. 18-21.
9. Сейдалиева Л.К. Состояние кормовой базы бентосоядных рыб в дельте реки Урал и Северном Каспии // Вестник АГТУ. Серия: Рыбное хозяйство. - 2017. - № 1. – С. 54-61.
10. Naseka A.M., Bogutskaya N.G. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list // Zoosystematica Rossica. - 2009. - V. 18. - № 2. - P. 295-317.
11. Olojo E.A.A., Olurin K.B., Osikoya O.J. Food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun River, SW Nigeria // NAGA: WorldFish Centre Q. – 2003. – No 26. – P. 21-24.
12. Deady S., Fives J.M. Diet of ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta , and some comparisons with the diet of corkwing wrasse, Crenilabrus melops // Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. – 2009. – Vol. 75, No 3. – P. 651-665.
13. Davey A.J.H., Turner G.F., Hawkins S.J., Patrick Doncaster C. Mechanisms of density dependence in stream fish: exploitation competition for food reduces growth of adult European bullheads (Cottus gobio) // Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. – 2006. – Vol. 63, No 3. – P. 597-606.
14. Иванов В.П., Комарова Г.В. Рыбы Каспийского моря. ¬– Астрахань: АГТУ, 2008. – 223 с.
15. Попов Н.Н., Шакиров А.А. Современное состояние основных промысловых рыб в казахстанском секторе Северного Каспия // Материалы Всеросийской научно-практической конференции «Водные биоресурсы и аквакультуры юга России» (Краснодар, 17-19 мая 2018 г.). – Краснодар: КубГУ, 2018. – С. 199-203.
16. Казанчеев Е.Н. Рыбы Каспийского моря. – М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1981. – 240 с.
17. Мельникова А.Г. Оценка запасов рыб в водоеме по уловам набора ставных сетей // Материалы научно-практической конференции «Рыбные ресурсы Камско-Кральского региона и их рациональное использование» (Пермь, 5-6 ноября 2008 г.). - Пермь. - 2008. - С. 83-86.
18. Биологическое обоснование. Проведение комплексных морских исследований по оценке состояния биологических ресурсов Казахстанской части Каспийского моря. – Алматы: ТОО «Казэкопроект», 2016. – 99 с.
19. Попов Н.Н., Кушнаренко А.И. Динамика численности и распределение судака (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) в Северном Каспии // Естественные науки. – 2010. - № 3. – С. 25-36.
20. Cadwallader P.L. Feeding habits of two fish species in relation to invertebrate drift in a New Zealand river // New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. – 2010. – Vol. 9, No 1. – P. 11-26.
21. Pedley R.B., Jones J.W. The comparative feeding behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Llyn Dwythwch, Wales. // Journal of Fish Biology. – 2006. – Vol. 12, No 3. – P. 239-256.
22. Hyslop E.J. The feeding habits of 0+ stone loach, Noemacheilus bavbatulus (L.), and bullhead, Cottus gobio L. // Journal of Fish Biology. – 2006. – Vol. 21, No 2. - P. 187-196.
23. Gunn J.S., Milward N.E. The food, feeding habits and feeding structures of the whiting species Sillago sihama (Forsskål) and Sillago analis Whitley from Townsville, North Queensland, Australia // Journal of Fish Biology. – 2006. – Vol. 26, No 4. – P. 411-427.
24. Kelly‐Quinn M., Bracken J.J. A seasonal analysis of the diet and feeding dynamics of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a small nursery stream // Aquaculture Research. – 2008. – Vol. 21, No 1. – P. 107-124.
25. Dautbayeva K.A., Shalgimbaуeva S.M., Omarova Z.S., Jumakhanov G.B. The feeding habits of bream (Abramis brama) and roach in the Northern part of the Caspian Sea // KazNU Bulletin. Biology series. – 2017. – V. 70, №2. – P. 22-30.
References
1. Alfred-Ockiya J.F. (2000) Study of food habits of goby, Porogobius schlegelii (Gunther, 1861) from Elechi Creek, off Bonny River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. J. Aquat. Sci., no 167. pp. 79-82.
2. Panin G.N., Mamedov R.M., Mitrofanov I.V. (2005) Sovremennoye sostoyaniye Kaspiyskogo morya [The current state of the Caspian Sea]. Science, Moscow, Russia. 356 p.
3. Sapojnikov V.V., Metreveli M.P., Mordasova N.V. (2011) Sovremennoye sostoyaniye ekosistemy Kaspiyskogo morya i prognozy dal'neyshikh izmeneniy [The current state of the Caspian Sea ecosystem and forecasts for further changes]. Materials of the 4th international scientific-practical conference “Problems of preservation of the Caspian ecosystem in the conditions of development of oil and gas fields”. Astrakhan, Russia. pp. 206-209
4. Bone Q., Marshall N.B., Blaxter J.H.S. (2004) Biology of Fishes. 2nd Ed., Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxyfordshire. 263 p.
5. Mutysheva G.K. (2004) Kormovaya baza, pitaniye i pishchevyye otnosheniya ranney molodi osetrovykh v Uralo-Kaspiyskom rayone: avtoreferat dis. ... kandidata biologicheskikh nauk [The fodder base, nutrition and nutritional relationships of the early sturgeon fry in the Ural-Caspian region: abstract dissertation for the degree candidate of biological sciences]. VNIRO, Moscow, Russia. 224 p.
6. Sokolskiy A.F., Polyaninova A.A., Ardabieva A.G. et al. (2002) Sostoyaniye kormovoy produktivnosti Kaspiyskogo morya // Rybokhozyaystvennyye issledovaniya na Kaspii. Rezul'taty NIR za 2001 g. [The condition of the feed productivity of the Caspian Sea // Fisheries research in the Caspian Sea. Research results 2001]. Astrakhan, Russia. pp. 124-136.
7. Polyaninova A.A., Ardabieva A.G., Belova L.N. et al. (2000) Osobennosti formirovaniya kormovoy produktivnosti i pitaniya ryb v Kaspiyskom more [Features of the formation of feed productivity and nutrition of fish in the Caspian Sea]. First Congress of ichthyologists of Russia. VNIRO, Moscow. 449 p.
8. Odum O., Anuta M. (2001) The food and feeding habits of Phractolaemus ansorgii (Boulenger) from Warri River, Nigeria. J. Aquat. Sci. no. 16. pp. 18-21.
9. Seidalieva L.K. (2017) Sostoyaniye kormovoy bazy bentosoyadnykh ryb v del'te reki Ural i Severnom Kaspii [The state of the food supply base of benthic fishes in the Ural river delta and the Northern Caspian]. ASTU Bulletin. Fisheries series. no 1. pp. 54-61.
10. Naseka A.M., Bogutskaya N.G. (2009) Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica. vol. 18, no 2. pp. 295-317.
11. Olojo E.A.A., Olurin K.B., Osikoya O.J. (2003) Food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun River, SW Nigeria. NAGA: WorldFish Centre Q. no. 26. pp. 21-24.
12. Deady S., Fives J.M. (2009) Diet of ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta , and some comparisons with the diet of corkwing wrasse, Crenilabrus melops. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 651-665.
13. Davey A.J.H., Turner G.F., Hawkins S.J., Patrick Doncaster C. (2006) Mechanisms of density dependence in stream fish: exploitation competition for food reduces growth of adult European bullheads (Cottus gobio). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.vol. 63, no. 3. pp. 597-606.
14. Ivanov V.P., Komarova G.V. (2008) Ryby Kaspiyskogo morya [Fish of the Caspian Sea]. ASTU, Astrakhan, Russia. 223 p.
15. Popov N.N., Shakirov A.A. (2018) Sovremennoye sostoyaniye osnovnykh promyslovykh ryb v kazakhstanskom sektore Severnogo Kaspiya [The current state of the main commercial fish in the Kazakhstan sector of the Northern Caspian]. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical conference “Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture of the south of Russia”. KubSU, Krasnodar, Russia. pp 199-203.
16. Kazancheev E.N. (1981) Ryby Kaspiyskogo morya [Fish of the Caspian Sea]. Moscow, Russia. 240 p.
17. Melnikova A.G. (2008) Otsenka zapasov ryb v vodoyeme po ulovam nabora stavnykh setey [Estimation of fish stocks in a reservoir based on catches of a set of fixed nets]. Materials of the scientific-practical conference "Fish resources of the Kama-Krai region and their rational use". Perm, Russia. pp. 83-86
18. Biological rationale (2016) Biologicheskoye obosnovaniye. Provedeniye kompleksnykh morskikh issledovaniy po otsenke sostoyaniya biologicheskikh resursov Kazakhstanskoy chasti Kaspiyskogo morya [Biological rationale. Conducting comprehensive marine research to assess the state of the biological resources of the Kazakhstan part of the Caspian Sea]. Kazecoproject LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan. 99 p.
19. Popov N.N., Kushnarenko A.I. (2010) Dinamika chislennosti i raspredeleniye sudaka (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) v Severnom Kaspii [The dynamics of the number and distribution of pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) in the Northern Caspian]. Natural Sciences. no 3. pp. 25-36.
20. Cadwallader P.L. (2010) Feeding habits of two fish species in relation to invertebrate drift in a New Zealand river. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. vol. 9, no. 1. pp. 11-26.
21. Pedley R.B., Jones J.W. (2006) The comparative feeding behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Llyn Dwythwch, Wales. Journal of Fish Biology. vol. 12, no. 3. pp. 239-256.
22. Hyslop E.J. (2006) The feeding habits of 0+ stone loach, Noemacheilus bavbatulus (L.), and bullhead, Cottus gobio L. Journal of Fish Biology. vol. 21, no. 2. pp. 187-196.
23. Gunn J.S., Milward N.E. (2006). The food, feeding habits and feeding structures of the whiting species Sillago sihama (Forsskål) and Sillago analis Whitley from Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. Journal of Fish Biology. vol. 26, no. 4. pp. 411-427.
24. Kelly‐Quinn M., Bracken J.J. (2008) A seasonal analysis of the diet and feeding dynamics of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a small nursery stream. Aquaculture Research. vol. 21, no. 1. pp. 107-124.
25. Dautbayeva K.A., Shalgimbaуeva S.M., Omarova Z.S., Jumakhanov G.B. (2017) The feeding habits of bream (Abramis brama) and roach in the Northern part of the Caspian Sea. KazNU Bulletin. Biology series. vol. 70, no 2. pp. 22-30.
2. Панин Г.Н., Мамедов Р.М., Митрофанов И. В. Современное состояние Каспийского моря. - М.: Наука, 2005. - 356 с.
3. Сапожников В.В.. Метревели М.П., Мордасова Н.В. Современное состояние экосистемы Каспийского моря и прогнозы дальнейших изменений // Мат. IV международной научно-практической конференции «Проблемы сохранения экосистемы Каспия в условиях освоения нефтегазовых месторождений». – Астрахань. – 2011. - С. 206-209.
4. Bone Q., Marshall N.B., Blaxter J.H.S. Biology of Fishes. 2nd Edn., Oxyfordshire: Bios Scientific Publishers, 2004. – 263 p.
5. Мутышева Г.К. Кормовая база, питание и пищевые отношения ранней молоди осетровых в Урало-Каспийском районе: автореферат дис. ... кандидата биологических наук. – Москва: ВНИРО, 2004. - 224 с
6. Сокольский А.Ф., Полянинова А.А., Ардабьева А.Г. и т.д. Состояние кормовой продуктивности Каспийского моря // Рыбохозяйственные исследования на Каспии. Результаты НИР за 2001 г. – Астрахань, 2002. – С. 124-136.
7. Полянинова А.А., Ардабьева А.Г., Белова Л.Н., Елизаренко М.М, Кашенцева Л.Н., Малиновская Л.В., Молодцова А.И., Смирнова Л.В. Особенности формирования кормовой продуктивности и питания рыб в Каспийском море // Первый конгресс ихтиологов России. - М.: ВНИРО, 2000. - 449 с.
8. Odum O., Anuta M. The food and feeding habits of Phractolaemus ansorgii (Boulenger) from Warri River, Nigeria // J. Aquat. Sci. – 2001. - No 16. – P. 18-21.
9. Сейдалиева Л.К. Состояние кормовой базы бентосоядных рыб в дельте реки Урал и Северном Каспии // Вестник АГТУ. Серия: Рыбное хозяйство. - 2017. - № 1. – С. 54-61.
10. Naseka A.M., Bogutskaya N.G. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list // Zoosystematica Rossica. - 2009. - V. 18. - № 2. - P. 295-317.
11. Olojo E.A.A., Olurin K.B., Osikoya O.J. Food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun River, SW Nigeria // NAGA: WorldFish Centre Q. – 2003. – No 26. – P. 21-24.
12. Deady S., Fives J.M. Diet of ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta , and some comparisons with the diet of corkwing wrasse, Crenilabrus melops // Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. – 2009. – Vol. 75, No 3. – P. 651-665.
13. Davey A.J.H., Turner G.F., Hawkins S.J., Patrick Doncaster C. Mechanisms of density dependence in stream fish: exploitation competition for food reduces growth of adult European bullheads (Cottus gobio) // Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. – 2006. – Vol. 63, No 3. – P. 597-606.
14. Иванов В.П., Комарова Г.В. Рыбы Каспийского моря. ¬– Астрахань: АГТУ, 2008. – 223 с.
15. Попов Н.Н., Шакиров А.А. Современное состояние основных промысловых рыб в казахстанском секторе Северного Каспия // Материалы Всеросийской научно-практической конференции «Водные биоресурсы и аквакультуры юга России» (Краснодар, 17-19 мая 2018 г.). – Краснодар: КубГУ, 2018. – С. 199-203.
16. Казанчеев Е.Н. Рыбы Каспийского моря. – М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1981. – 240 с.
17. Мельникова А.Г. Оценка запасов рыб в водоеме по уловам набора ставных сетей // Материалы научно-практической конференции «Рыбные ресурсы Камско-Кральского региона и их рациональное использование» (Пермь, 5-6 ноября 2008 г.). - Пермь. - 2008. - С. 83-86.
18. Биологическое обоснование. Проведение комплексных морских исследований по оценке состояния биологических ресурсов Казахстанской части Каспийского моря. – Алматы: ТОО «Казэкопроект», 2016. – 99 с.
19. Попов Н.Н., Кушнаренко А.И. Динамика численности и распределение судака (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) в Северном Каспии // Естественные науки. – 2010. - № 3. – С. 25-36.
20. Cadwallader P.L. Feeding habits of two fish species in relation to invertebrate drift in a New Zealand river // New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. – 2010. – Vol. 9, No 1. – P. 11-26.
21. Pedley R.B., Jones J.W. The comparative feeding behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Llyn Dwythwch, Wales. // Journal of Fish Biology. – 2006. – Vol. 12, No 3. – P. 239-256.
22. Hyslop E.J. The feeding habits of 0+ stone loach, Noemacheilus bavbatulus (L.), and bullhead, Cottus gobio L. // Journal of Fish Biology. – 2006. – Vol. 21, No 2. - P. 187-196.
23. Gunn J.S., Milward N.E. The food, feeding habits and feeding structures of the whiting species Sillago sihama (Forsskål) and Sillago analis Whitley from Townsville, North Queensland, Australia // Journal of Fish Biology. – 2006. – Vol. 26, No 4. – P. 411-427.
24. Kelly‐Quinn M., Bracken J.J. A seasonal analysis of the diet and feeding dynamics of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a small nursery stream // Aquaculture Research. – 2008. – Vol. 21, No 1. – P. 107-124.
25. Dautbayeva K.A., Shalgimbaуeva S.M., Omarova Z.S., Jumakhanov G.B. The feeding habits of bream (Abramis brama) and roach in the Northern part of the Caspian Sea // KazNU Bulletin. Biology series. – 2017. – V. 70, №2. – P. 22-30.
References
1. Alfred-Ockiya J.F. (2000) Study of food habits of goby, Porogobius schlegelii (Gunther, 1861) from Elechi Creek, off Bonny River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. J. Aquat. Sci., no 167. pp. 79-82.
2. Panin G.N., Mamedov R.M., Mitrofanov I.V. (2005) Sovremennoye sostoyaniye Kaspiyskogo morya [The current state of the Caspian Sea]. Science, Moscow, Russia. 356 p.
3. Sapojnikov V.V., Metreveli M.P., Mordasova N.V. (2011) Sovremennoye sostoyaniye ekosistemy Kaspiyskogo morya i prognozy dal'neyshikh izmeneniy [The current state of the Caspian Sea ecosystem and forecasts for further changes]. Materials of the 4th international scientific-practical conference “Problems of preservation of the Caspian ecosystem in the conditions of development of oil and gas fields”. Astrakhan, Russia. pp. 206-209
4. Bone Q., Marshall N.B., Blaxter J.H.S. (2004) Biology of Fishes. 2nd Ed., Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxyfordshire. 263 p.
5. Mutysheva G.K. (2004) Kormovaya baza, pitaniye i pishchevyye otnosheniya ranney molodi osetrovykh v Uralo-Kaspiyskom rayone: avtoreferat dis. ... kandidata biologicheskikh nauk [The fodder base, nutrition and nutritional relationships of the early sturgeon fry in the Ural-Caspian region: abstract dissertation for the degree candidate of biological sciences]. VNIRO, Moscow, Russia. 224 p.
6. Sokolskiy A.F., Polyaninova A.A., Ardabieva A.G. et al. (2002) Sostoyaniye kormovoy produktivnosti Kaspiyskogo morya // Rybokhozyaystvennyye issledovaniya na Kaspii. Rezul'taty NIR za 2001 g. [The condition of the feed productivity of the Caspian Sea // Fisheries research in the Caspian Sea. Research results 2001]. Astrakhan, Russia. pp. 124-136.
7. Polyaninova A.A., Ardabieva A.G., Belova L.N. et al. (2000) Osobennosti formirovaniya kormovoy produktivnosti i pitaniya ryb v Kaspiyskom more [Features of the formation of feed productivity and nutrition of fish in the Caspian Sea]. First Congress of ichthyologists of Russia. VNIRO, Moscow. 449 p.
8. Odum O., Anuta M. (2001) The food and feeding habits of Phractolaemus ansorgii (Boulenger) from Warri River, Nigeria. J. Aquat. Sci. no. 16. pp. 18-21.
9. Seidalieva L.K. (2017) Sostoyaniye kormovoy bazy bentosoyadnykh ryb v del'te reki Ural i Severnom Kaspii [The state of the food supply base of benthic fishes in the Ural river delta and the Northern Caspian]. ASTU Bulletin. Fisheries series. no 1. pp. 54-61.
10. Naseka A.M., Bogutskaya N.G. (2009) Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica. vol. 18, no 2. pp. 295-317.
11. Olojo E.A.A., Olurin K.B., Osikoya O.J. (2003) Food and feeding habits of Synodontis nigrita from the Osun River, SW Nigeria. NAGA: WorldFish Centre Q. no. 26. pp. 21-24.
12. Deady S., Fives J.M. (2009) Diet of ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta , and some comparisons with the diet of corkwing wrasse, Crenilabrus melops. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 651-665.
13. Davey A.J.H., Turner G.F., Hawkins S.J., Patrick Doncaster C. (2006) Mechanisms of density dependence in stream fish: exploitation competition for food reduces growth of adult European bullheads (Cottus gobio). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.vol. 63, no. 3. pp. 597-606.
14. Ivanov V.P., Komarova G.V. (2008) Ryby Kaspiyskogo morya [Fish of the Caspian Sea]. ASTU, Astrakhan, Russia. 223 p.
15. Popov N.N., Shakirov A.A. (2018) Sovremennoye sostoyaniye osnovnykh promyslovykh ryb v kazakhstanskom sektore Severnogo Kaspiya [The current state of the main commercial fish in the Kazakhstan sector of the Northern Caspian]. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical conference “Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture of the south of Russia”. KubSU, Krasnodar, Russia. pp 199-203.
16. Kazancheev E.N. (1981) Ryby Kaspiyskogo morya [Fish of the Caspian Sea]. Moscow, Russia. 240 p.
17. Melnikova A.G. (2008) Otsenka zapasov ryb v vodoyeme po ulovam nabora stavnykh setey [Estimation of fish stocks in a reservoir based on catches of a set of fixed nets]. Materials of the scientific-practical conference "Fish resources of the Kama-Krai region and their rational use". Perm, Russia. pp. 83-86
18. Biological rationale (2016) Biologicheskoye obosnovaniye. Provedeniye kompleksnykh morskikh issledovaniy po otsenke sostoyaniya biologicheskikh resursov Kazakhstanskoy chasti Kaspiyskogo morya [Biological rationale. Conducting comprehensive marine research to assess the state of the biological resources of the Kazakhstan part of the Caspian Sea]. Kazecoproject LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan. 99 p.
19. Popov N.N., Kushnarenko A.I. (2010) Dinamika chislennosti i raspredeleniye sudaka (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) v Severnom Kaspii [The dynamics of the number and distribution of pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) in the Northern Caspian]. Natural Sciences. no 3. pp. 25-36.
20. Cadwallader P.L. (2010) Feeding habits of two fish species in relation to invertebrate drift in a New Zealand river. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. vol. 9, no. 1. pp. 11-26.
21. Pedley R.B., Jones J.W. (2006) The comparative feeding behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. in Llyn Dwythwch, Wales. Journal of Fish Biology. vol. 12, no. 3. pp. 239-256.
22. Hyslop E.J. (2006) The feeding habits of 0+ stone loach, Noemacheilus bavbatulus (L.), and bullhead, Cottus gobio L. Journal of Fish Biology. vol. 21, no. 2. pp. 187-196.
23. Gunn J.S., Milward N.E. (2006). The food, feeding habits and feeding structures of the whiting species Sillago sihama (Forsskål) and Sillago analis Whitley from Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. Journal of Fish Biology. vol. 26, no. 4. pp. 411-427.
24. Kelly‐Quinn M., Bracken J.J. (2008) A seasonal analysis of the diet and feeding dynamics of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a small nursery stream. Aquaculture Research. vol. 21, no. 1. pp. 107-124.
25. Dautbayeva K.A., Shalgimbaуeva S.M., Omarova Z.S., Jumakhanov G.B. (2017) The feeding habits of bream (Abramis brama) and roach in the Northern part of the Caspian Sea. KazNU Bulletin. Biology series. vol. 70, no 2. pp. 22-30.
