РЕТТЕЛЕТІН ЖҮЙЕЛЕР ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА БАЛЫҚ ӨСІРУ КЕЗІНДЕ AEROMONAS ЖӘНЕ PSEUDOMONAS ТҰҚЫМДАРЫНЫҢ БАКТЕРИЯЛАРЫ ТУДЫРАТЫН АУРУЛАРЫ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2021.v87.i2.01Аннотация
Әлемдік балық өндірісіндегі аквакультураның үлесі өте жоғары және осы экономика секторындағы (өндіріс және сауда саласында) өнімнің жалпы құнының қалыптасуына әсері де жеткілікті дәрежеде. 2016 жылы балық аулау және аквакультура өнімдерін сатудың жалпы құны 362 млрд АҚШ долларын құраса, оның 232 млрд АҚШ доллары аквакультура өнімінен түскені анықталды. 1961-2016 жылдар аралығында азық-түлік балықтарын әлемдік тұтынудың орташа жылдық өсуі (3,2 пайыз) популяцияның өсуінен 1,6 пайызға асып, барлық құрлықтағы жануарлардың етін тұтынудан 2,8 пайызға асып түсті. Температура, оттегі және гидрохимиялық режимдер сияқты оңтайлы өсіру жағдайларын жасау арқылы балықтардың өсуі мен жыныстық жетілу уақыты едәуір қысқарады, бұл өндірістік аквакультура саласының дамуына ықпал етеді. Алайда, аквакультураның қарқынды дамуы бактериялық инфекциядан туындаған аурулардың өршуімен үйлесіп отырды, бұл балықтардың жоғары деңгейде өлуіне, ал ол өз кезегіне шектен тыс экономикалық шығындарға әкелді. Инфекциялық аурулардың өршуі, балықтарды өсіру жағдайларының күрт өзгеруіне, сондай-ақ балықтардың белгілі бір көлемге қатысты тығыздығының артуына байланысты туындайтын стресстік факторлардың әсерінен тез арада пайда болуы мүмкін. Аквакультурадағы ең ауыр бактериялық аурулар бұл Aeromonas және Pseudomonas тұқымдасына жататын бактерия түрлері тудыратын инфекциялар. Геморрагиялық септицемия (Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens), фурункулоз (Aeromonas salmonicida) ауруларын қоздыратын Aeromonas және Pseudomonas тұқымдасының бактерия түрлері аквакультура өндірісіндегі шектен тыс экономикалық шығындардың себептері болып табылады. Қазіргі уақытта антибиотиктердің еш бақылаусыз кеңінен және жиі қолданылуына байланысты, антибиотиктерге төзімді бактериялардың саны күрт өсті және осы бактериялар аквакультура өндірісіндегі балық өлімнің негізгі себебі болып табылады. Бұл құбылыс микробқа қарсы терапияның сәтсіздігіне ғана емес, сонымен қатар балық өнімдерінің адамға қатысты қауіпсіздігі алаңдатушылық тудырып отыр.
Бұл шолуда Aeromonas және Pseudomonas тұқымдасының бактерия түрлері тудыратын аурулар, вируленттіліктің доминантты факторлары, бактерияларды идентификациялау және антибиотиктерге төзімділіктің қалыптасуы туралы проблемаларға қатысты қазіргі заманғы мәліметтер қарастырылады.
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Бакиев S. S., & Бисенбаев A. K. (2021). РЕТТЕЛЕТІН ЖҮЙЕЛЕР ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА БАЛЫҚ ӨСІРУ КЕЗІНДЕ AEROMONAS ЖӘНЕ PSEUDOMONAS ТҰҚЫМДАРЫНЫҢ БАКТЕРИЯЛАРЫ ТУДЫРАТЫН АУРУЛАРЫ. ҚазҰУ Хабаршысы. Биология сериясы, 87(2), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2021.v87.i2.01
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