ACTIVITY AND COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF DEFENSE PROTEINS IN GRAIN AND SEEDLINGS OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2022.v92.i3.09Keywords:
wheat, barley, oats, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, protease inhibitorsAbstract
The aim of the work was a comparative study of the activity level and composition of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and protease inhibitors in grains and seedlings of wheat, barley and oats. These proteins play an important physiological role and are also involved in plant defense against pathogens. Experiments on germination, isolation, and analysis of proteins were carried out under the same conditions, which contributed to an objective assessment of the defense potential of the studied cereals. Barley grains and seedlings were characterized by the highest activity and degree of heterogeneity at IEF β-1,3-glucanase, while oats were characterized by a relatively low level of the enzyme. Oat grains and seedlings had high chitinase activity. The activity and isozymic composition of POX varied greatly among the three cereals, both in dormant grains and in the organs of the seedling. Wheat grains had the highest content of protease inhibitors, whereas oats had the lowest content. The studied properties of enzymes and inhibitors in normal conditions as a constitutive can be useful in studying their variability and induction of new isoforms under stressful conditions, including those caused by pathogens. These data can also be used to evaluate some quality characteristics of grain.
References
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Almagro L., Goґmez Ros L.V., Belchi-Navarro S., Bru R., Ros Barcelo A., Pedreno M.A. (2008) Class III peroxidases in plant defense reactions. J. Exp. Bot., vol. 10, pp. 1-14.
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Chandrasekaran M., Thangavelu B., Chun S.C., Sathiyabama M. (2016) Proteases from phytopathogenic fungi and their importance in phytopathogenicity. J. Gen. Plant Pathol., vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 233–239.
Clemente M., Corigliano M.G., Pariani S.A., Sánchez-López E.F., Sander V.A., Ramos-Duarte V.A. (2019) Plant serine protease inhibitors: biotechnology application in agriculture and molecular farming. Int. J. Molecular Sci., vol. 20, pp. 1345-1366.
Eggert K., Rawel H.M., Pawelzik E. (2011) In vitro degradation of wheat gluten fractions by Fusarium graminearum proteases. Eur. Food Res. Technol., vol. 233, no. 4, pp.697-705.
Fink W., Liefland M., Mendgen K. (1988) Chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases in the apoplastic compartment of oat leaves (Avena sativa L.). Plant Physiol., vol. 88, pp. 270-275.
Finnie C., Bak-Jensen K., Laugesen S., Roepstorff P., Svensson B. (2006) Differential appearance of isoforms and cultivar variation in protein temporal profiles revealed in the maturing barley grain proteome. Plant Sci., vol. 170, pp. 808-821.
Fornera S., Walde P. (2010) Spectrophotometric quantification of horseradish peroxidase with o-phenylenediamine. Analyt. Biochem., vol. 407, pp. 293-295.
Gorganovich S (2009) Biological and technological function of barley seed pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). J. Inst. Brewing, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 334-360.
Grover A. (2012) Plant chitinases: genetic diversity and physiological roles. Critical Rev. Plant Sci.,.vol. 31, pp. 57-73.
Gupta P., Ravi I., Sharma V. (2013) Induction of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in the defense response of Eruca sativa plants against the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. J. Plant Interact., vol. 8, pp. 155-161.
Havrlentová M., Petruláková Z., Burgárová A., Gago F., Hlinková A., Šturdík E. (2011) Cereal β-glucans and their significance for the preparation of functional foods. Czech J. Food Sci., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
Hiraga S., Sasaki K., Ito H., Ohashi Y., Matsui H. (2001) A large family of class III plant peroxidase. Plant Cell Physiol. vol. 42, no 5, pp. 462-468.
Jashni M.K., Mehrabi R., Collemare J., Mesarich C.H., de Wit P.J. (2015) The battle in the apoplast: further insights into the roles of proteases and their inhibitors in plant-pathogen interactions. Front. Plant Sci, vol. 6, pp. 584-591.
Jamar C., Jardin P., Fauconnier M.L. (2011) Cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).Biotechnol., Agronomy, Soc. Environ., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 301-313.
Kasprzewska A. (2003) Plant chitinases - regulation and function. Cellular Molecular Biology Letters, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 809-824.
Kukavica B.M., Jovanovic S.D., Menckhoff L., Lüthje S. (2012) Cell wall-bound cationic and anionic class III isoperoxidases of pea root: biochemical characterization and function in root growth. J. Exp. Bot., vol. 63, no.12, pp. 4631-4645.
Kumar M., Brar A., Yadav M., Chawade A., Vivekanand V., Pareek N. (2018) Chitinases - potential candidates for enhanced plant resistance towards fungal pathogens. Agriculture, vol. 8, no. 88, pp. 1-12.
Leubner-Metzger G. (2003) Functions and regulation of β-1,3-glucanases during seed germination, dormancy release and after-ripening. Seed Sci. Res., vol. 13, pp. 17-34.
Magro P. (1984) Onion neck rot: isoperoxidase patterns in infected scales and the effect of Botrytis allii polygalacturonase on host peroxidase and phenolic compounds. Rivista Patologia vegetale, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 124-132.
Maksimov I.V., Cherepanova E.A., Burkhanova G.F., Sorokan A.V., Kuzmina O.I. (2011) Structural-functional features of plant isoperoxidases. Biochemistry (Moscow), vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 609-621.
Maksimov I.V., Valeev A.S., Cherepanova E.A., Burkhanova G.F. (2014) Effect of chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of acetylation on the activity of wheat pathogen_inducible anionic peroxidase. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 82-87.
Mishra A.K., Sharma K., Misra R.S. (2012) Elicitor recognition, signal transduction and induced resistance in plants. J. Plant Interact., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 95-120.
Moravčíková J,, Margetínyová D,, Gálová Z,, Žur I,, Gregorová Z,, Zimová M,, Boszorádová E,, Matušíková I, (2016) Beta-1,3-glucanase activities in wheat and relative species. Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica, vol. 15, no.2, pp. 122-132.
Moravčíková Y., Ujvariová N., Zur I., Gálová Z., Gregorová Z., Zimová M., Boszorádová E., Matušíková I. (2017) Сhitinase activities in wheat and its relative species, Agriculture Poľnohospodárstvo, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 14-22.
Mosolov V.V., Valueva T.A. (2005) Proteinase inhibitors and their function in plants: a review. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 227-246.
Moural T.W., Lewis K.M., Barnaba C., Zhu F., Palmer N.A., Sarath G., Scully E.D., Jones J.P., Scott E., Sattler S.E., Kang C.H. (2017) Characterization of class III peroxidases from Switchgrass. Plant Physiol., vol. 173, pp. 417-433.
Ohnuma T., Numata T., Osawa T., Inanaga H., Okazaki Y., Shinya S., Kondo K., Fukuda T., Fukamizo T. (2012) Crystal structure and chitin oligosaccharide-binding mode of a ‘loopful’ family GH19 chitinase from rye, Secale cereale, seeds. FEBS J., vol. 279, pp. 3639-3651.
Oyeleye A., Normi Y. (2018) Chitinase: diversity, limitations, and trends in engineering for suitable applications. Biosci. Reports, vol. 38, pp. 1-21.
Pan S.Q., Ye X.S., Kúc J (1988) Direct detection of β-1,3-glucanase isozymes on polyacrylamide electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing gels. Analyt. Biochem., vol. 182, pp. 136-140.
Pekkarinen A.I., Longstaff C., Jones B.L. (2007) Kinetics of the Inhibition of Fusarium serine proteinases by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inhibitors. J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 55, 7, pp. 2736-2742.
Sharma N., Sharma K.P., Gaur R.K., Gupta V.K. (2011) Role of chitinase in plant defense. Asian J. Biochem., vol. 6, 1, pp. 29-37.
Sharma V. (2013) Pathogenesis related defense function of plant chitinases and β-(1,3)-glucanases. Vegetos, vol. 26, pp. 205-218.
Stoykov Y.M., Pavlov A.I., Krastanov A.I. (2015) Chitinase biotechnology: production, purification, and application. Engineer. Life Sci., vol. 15, pp. 30-38.
Taira T. (2010) Structures and antifungal activity of plant chitinases. J. Applied Glycoscience, vol. 57, pp. 167-176.
Takashima Y,, Suzuki M,, Ishiguri F,, Iizuka K,, Yoshizawa N,, Yokota S, (2013) Cationic peroxidase related to basal resistance of Betula platyphylla var. japonica plantlet No.8 against canker-rot fungus Inonotus obliquus strain IO-U1. Plant Biotechol., vol. 30, pp. 1-7.
Tanaka J., Fukamizo T., Ohnuma T. (2017) Eymatic properties of a GH19 chitinase isolated from rice lacking a major loop structure involved in chitin binding. Glycobiology, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 477-485.
Trudel J., Asselin A. (1989). Detection of chitinase activity after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analyt. Biochem., vol. 178, pp. 362-366.
Valueva T.A., Kudryavtseva N.N., Sof’in A.V., Revina T.A., Gvozdeva E.L., Ievleva E.V. (2011) Comparative analyses of exoproteinases produced by three phytopathogenic microorganisms. J. Pathogens, vol. 2011, pp. 1-9.
Van Loon L.C., Rep M., Pieterse C.M.J. (2006) Significance of inducible defence-related proteins in infected plants. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., vol. 44, pp. 135-162.
