Study of the growth activity of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on straw
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2018-2-1333Abstract
Currently, due to the lack of feed for livestock, special attention is paid to microbial biomass as a source of protein. With the help of microorganisms, it is possible to obtain fodder protein and other protein-containing products, which contributes to reducing the protein deficit in feed. The production of such biomass on cheap raw materials is considered as one of the means of eliminating the growing protein deficiency in animal nutrition.
In this regard, as the source of carbohydrates for the biosynthesis of fodder yeast, renewable plant raw materials are considered. As a plant raw material, agricultural crops and by-products and waste generated during processing are used. Such production facilities can provide an opportunity to obtain additional microbial protein for animal husbandry and, at the same time, to solve problems of utilization of waste polluting the environment.
To increase the nutritional value of feeds, it is necessary to enrich the plant raw materials with a protein of microorganisms. Fortification of plant raw materials with a microbial protein is carried out by symbiosis of yeast and lactobacilli. Yeast, enriching the feed with protein and amino acids, creates the conditions for the development of lactobacilli, producers of biologically active animals beneficial.
The activity of growth of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on agricultural wastes - wheat bran - has been studied. The protein accumulation activity and acid formation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on an optimized medium were studied. As a result of the work, a consortium of yeasts and lactobacilli were designed for co-cultivation on plant substrates.
Key words: fodder protein, consortium, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, biomass.
References
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2 Дeдкoв В.Н. Paзpaбoткa биoтexнoлoгии кopмoгo бeлкa из pacтитeльнoго cыpья // Opлoвcкий гocудapcтвeнный aгpapный унивepcитeт, Вopoнeж. -2014. - № 24 – С. 142-146.
3 Пoпoв П.Д. Рacчёт бaлaнca coлoмы в xoзяйcтвe // Мeтoдичecкиe peкoмeндaции. – Влaдимиp, 2006. - № 16 – С. 10.
4 Честнов С.Н. Способ получения белково-витаминного корма // Биопротеин. -2007. - № 17. – С. 7-10.
5 Нетрусов А.И., М.А. Егорова, Л.М. Захарчук и др. Практикум по микробиологии. - М.: Академия. - 2005. - № 4. – С. 256-258.
6 Саламатзадех А.А., Ганбаров Х.Г, Кафшдарджалал А.М. Влияние условий культивирования на продуцирование молочной кислоты у бактерий рода Lactobacillus // Вестник МГОУ. Серия: Естественные науки. - 2011. - №2. С. 73-77.
7 Князева И.А. Разработка биоконверсии отходов переработки зерна в белковые кормовые препараты путем твердофазной и глубинной ферментации их с помощью дрожжевых микроорганизмов // Моск. гос. акад. пищевых производств. – 1996. - №1. – С. 24.
8 Гусев М. В., Минеева Л. А. Микробиология: учебник // М. : МГУ, 1985. - С. 372-376.
9 Гнеушева И.А. Биотехнологические подходы для получения белково-углеводных кормовых добавок для животноводства // Развитие инновационного потенциала агропромышленного производства. Орел: Изд-во ОрелГАУ. - 2010. - №7. – С. 45 – 48.
10 Суховская И.В., Борвинская Е.В., Смирнов Л.П., Немова Н.Н. Сравнительный анализ методов определения концентрации белка – спектофотометрии в диапазоне 200-220 нм и по Брэдфорд // Труды Карельского научного центра РАН. -2010. - №2. – С. 68-71.
11Тapaбукин Д.В. Фepмeнтaтивныe тexнoлoгии нaпpaвлeннoй биoкoнвepcии цeллюлoзo – и кpaxмaлcoдepжaщeгo pacтитeльнoгo cыpья // Инcтитут биoлoгии Уфимcкoгo нaучнoгo цeнтpa PAН. – Уфa. – 2009. - №37. – С. 23-26.
12 Соколенко Г.Г., Лазарев Б.П., Миньченко С.В. Пробиотики в рациональном кормлении животных // Технологии пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности. -2015. - №1. – С. 72-77.
13 Бондаренко Е. А. Сборник научных трудов СевКавГТУ // Продовольствие. Северо-Кавказский государственный технический университет. - 2005. - №1. - С. 14-17.
14 Гринберг Т.А., Пирог Т. П., Буклова В.Н. Малашенко Ю.Р. Взаимоотношения микрооргани.змов в экзополисахаридобразующей смешанной культуре // Микробиология. -1990. -№5. –С. 797-805.
15 Брызгалов Л.П. Производство кормовых дрожжей // Лесная промышленность, 1965. - №17. – С. 272-278.
16 Квасников Е. И., Нестеренко О. А. Молочнокислые бактерий и их пути использования // Наука. 1975. - №11. – С. 383-390.
17 Speedy A.W. Overview of world feed protein needs and supply // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop. – Bangkok. – 2004. - № 1. – pр. 9 – 29.
18 Lijuan G. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria // Bioresource Technologу. – 2008. - № 99 (8). – p. 2742-2748.
19 Carlsson R. Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production // Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus. – 1977. -№ 19. – рр. 83 – 99.
20 Chadd, S.A. Practical production of protein for food animals // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. – Bangkok. – 2002. - № 1. – pp. 77 – 125.
21 Speedy A.W. Overview of world feed protein needs and supply // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop. – Bangkok. – 2004. - № 1. – pр. 9 – 29.
22 Doelle H.W. Microbial cultures in the utilization of cellulosic materials // Biotechnology Advances. – 1984. – Vol. 2, № 1. – pp. 1 – 19.
23 Lijuan G. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria // Bioresource Technology. – 2008. - № 99 (8). – pр. 2742 – 2748.
24 Bourdichona S. Food fermentations: Microorganisms with technological beneficial use // International Journal of Food Microbiology. – 2012. – Vol. 154, -№ 3. – рp. 87 – 97.
25 Carlsson R. Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production // Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus. – 1977. -№ 3. – рр. 83 – 99.
26 Dutta G.N., Devriese L.A. Degradation of Macrolide-Lincosamid-Streptogramin antibiotics by Lactobasillus strains from animals // Annales de Microbiologie. -2009. -№ 7.- рр. 51-57.
27 Toride Y. Lysine and other amino acids for feed: production and contribution to protein utilization in animal feeding // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. – Bangkok. – 2004. - № 1. – pр. 161 – 167.
References
1 Bondarenko E.A. (2005) Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SevKavGTU [Collection of scientific papers SevKavSTU.] Series: Food. North-Caucasian State Technical University, vol. 1. рp. 14-17.
2 Bourdichona S. (2012) Food fermentations: Microorganisms with technological beneficial use. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 3, pр. 87 – 97.
3 Bryzgalov L.P. (1965) Proizvodstvo kormovykh drozhzhey [Production of fodder yeast]. Forest Industry, vol. 17, p. 272-278.
4 Carlsson R. (1977) Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production. Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus, vol. 19, рр. 83 – 99.
5 Carlsson R. (1977) Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production. Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus, vol. 3, рр. 83 – 99.
6 Chadd, S.A. (2002) Practical production of protein for food animals. Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Bangkok, vol. 1. pр. 77 – 125.
7 Chestnov S.N. (2007) Sposob polucheniya belkovo – vitaminnogo korma [Method of obtaining protein-vitamin feeds]. Bioprotein, vol. 17, pр. 7-10.
8 Dedkov V.N. (2014) Razrabotka biotechnology kormogo belka iz rastitelnogo syrya [The development of the biotech for feed protein from plant raw material]. Orlov state agrarian university, vol. 24, pp. 142-146.
9 Doelle H.W. (2004) Microbial cultures in the utilization of cellulosic materials. Biotechnology Advances, vol. 1, pр. 1 – 19.
10 Dutta G.N., Devriese L.A. (2009) Degradation of Macrolide-Lincosamid-Streptogramin antibiotics by Lactobasillus strains from animals. Annales de Microbiologie, vol. 7, рр. 51-57.
11 Gneusheva I.A. (2010) Biotehnologicheskie podhody dlya polucheniya belkovo – uglevodnyh kormovyh dobavok dlya zhivotnovotstve [Biotechnological approaches for obtaining protein-carbohydrate feed additives for animal husbandry]. Publishing house OrelGau, vol. 7, pр. 45 – 48.
12 Grinberg T.A., Pirog T.P., Buklova V.N. Malashenko Yu.R. (1990) Vzaimootnosheniya mikroorgani.zmov v ekzopolisakharidobrazuyushchey smeshannoy kul'ture [Mutual relations of microorganisms in exopolysaccharide-forming mixed culture]. Microbiology, vol. 5. pр. 797-805.
13 Gusev M.V., Mineeva L.A. (1985) Mikrobiologiya [Microbiology]. M.: Moscow State University, pр. 372-376.
14 Knyazeva I.A. (1996) Razrabotka biokonvercyi othodov pererabotki zerna v belkovye kormavye preparaty putem tverdofazovnoi i glubinnoi fermentacyi ih s pomochiu drojjevyh mikroorganizmov [Development of bioconversion of grain processing wastes into protein fodder products by solid-phase and submerged fermentation with the help of yeasts]. Moscow. state. acad. food production, vol. 2, pр. 24.
15 Kvasnikov E.I., Nesterenko O.A. (1975) Molochnokislyye bakteriy i ikh puti ispol'zovaniya [Lactic acid bacteria and their ways of application]. Science, vol. 11, pр. 383-390.
16 Lesnov A.P. (2008) Soloma kak energeticheskyi i belkovyi istochnik dlya zhivotnovotstva живoтнoвoдcтвa [Straw as an energetic and protein source for livestock]. Engine-technological station, vol. 6, pр. 51-54.
17 Lijuan G. (2008) Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresource Technologу. № 99 (8), pр. 2742-2748.
18 Lijuan G. (2008) Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresource Technology, vol. 99 (8). pр. 2742 – 2748.
19 Netrusov A.I., Egorova M.A., Zaharchuk L.M. et al. (2005) Praktikum po microbiology [Practical work on microbiology]. Moscow.: Academy, vol. 4, pр. 256-258.
20 Popov P.D. (2016) Raschet balansa solomy v hozyaistve [Computation of straw balance in the economy]. Methodological recommendation, vol. 16, pр. 10.
21 Salamatzadeh A.A., Ganbarov Kh.G., Kafshdarjalal A.M. (2011) Vliyanie uslovyi kultivirovaniya na producirovanie molochnoi kisloty u bacteryi roda Lactobacillus [Influence of cultivation conditions on the production of lactic acid through genus Lactobacillus]. Bulletin of MGOU. Series: Natural Sciences, vol. 2, pр. 73-77.
22 Sokolenko G.G., Lazarev B.P., Minchenko S.V. (2015) Probiotiki v ratsional'nom kormlenii zhivotnykh [Probiotics in rational feeding of animals]. Technology of food and processing industry, vol. 1. рp.72-77.
23 Speedy A.W. (2004) Overview of world feed protein needs and supply // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop. Bangkok, vol. 1, pp. 9 – 29.
24 Speedy A.W. (2004) Overview of world feed protein needs and supply. Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop, vol. 1. pр. 9 – 29.
25 Sukhovskaya I.V., Borvinskaya E.V., Smirnov L.P., Nemova N.N. (2010) Sravnitel'nyy analiz metodov opredeleniya kontsentratsii belka - spektrofotometrii v diapazone 200-220 nm i soglasno Bredfordu [Comparative analysis of methods for determination of protein concentration spectrophotometry in the range 200-220 nm and according to Bradford]. Academy of Sciences, vol. 2, pр.68-71.
26 Tapabukin D.V. (2009) Fepmentativnye texnologii nappavlennoy biokonvepcii tsellyulozo - i kpaxmalcodepzhashchego pactitel'nogo cyp'ya [The effective technologies of directional bioconversion of cellulose and starch containing raw materials]. Ufa, vol. 37, pр. 23-26.
27 Toride Y. (2004) Lysine and other amino acids for feed: production and contribution to protein utilization in animal feeding. Protein sources for the animal feed industry, vol. 1, pр. 161 – 167.
2 Дeдкoв В.Н. Paзpaбoткa биoтexнoлoгии кopмoгo бeлкa из pacтитeльнoго cыpья // Opлoвcкий гocудapcтвeнный aгpapный унивepcитeт, Вopoнeж. -2014. - № 24 – С. 142-146.
3 Пoпoв П.Д. Рacчёт бaлaнca coлoмы в xoзяйcтвe // Мeтoдичecкиe peкoмeндaции. – Влaдимиp, 2006. - № 16 – С. 10.
4 Честнов С.Н. Способ получения белково-витаминного корма // Биопротеин. -2007. - № 17. – С. 7-10.
5 Нетрусов А.И., М.А. Егорова, Л.М. Захарчук и др. Практикум по микробиологии. - М.: Академия. - 2005. - № 4. – С. 256-258.
6 Саламатзадех А.А., Ганбаров Х.Г, Кафшдарджалал А.М. Влияние условий культивирования на продуцирование молочной кислоты у бактерий рода Lactobacillus // Вестник МГОУ. Серия: Естественные науки. - 2011. - №2. С. 73-77.
7 Князева И.А. Разработка биоконверсии отходов переработки зерна в белковые кормовые препараты путем твердофазной и глубинной ферментации их с помощью дрожжевых микроорганизмов // Моск. гос. акад. пищевых производств. – 1996. - №1. – С. 24.
8 Гусев М. В., Минеева Л. А. Микробиология: учебник // М. : МГУ, 1985. - С. 372-376.
9 Гнеушева И.А. Биотехнологические подходы для получения белково-углеводных кормовых добавок для животноводства // Развитие инновационного потенциала агропромышленного производства. Орел: Изд-во ОрелГАУ. - 2010. - №7. – С. 45 – 48.
10 Суховская И.В., Борвинская Е.В., Смирнов Л.П., Немова Н.Н. Сравнительный анализ методов определения концентрации белка – спектофотометрии в диапазоне 200-220 нм и по Брэдфорд // Труды Карельского научного центра РАН. -2010. - №2. – С. 68-71.
11Тapaбукин Д.В. Фepмeнтaтивныe тexнoлoгии нaпpaвлeннoй биoкoнвepcии цeллюлoзo – и кpaxмaлcoдepжaщeгo pacтитeльнoгo cыpья // Инcтитут биoлoгии Уфимcкoгo нaучнoгo цeнтpa PAН. – Уфa. – 2009. - №37. – С. 23-26.
12 Соколенко Г.Г., Лазарев Б.П., Миньченко С.В. Пробиотики в рациональном кормлении животных // Технологии пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности. -2015. - №1. – С. 72-77.
13 Бондаренко Е. А. Сборник научных трудов СевКавГТУ // Продовольствие. Северо-Кавказский государственный технический университет. - 2005. - №1. - С. 14-17.
14 Гринберг Т.А., Пирог Т. П., Буклова В.Н. Малашенко Ю.Р. Взаимоотношения микрооргани.змов в экзополисахаридобразующей смешанной культуре // Микробиология. -1990. -№5. –С. 797-805.
15 Брызгалов Л.П. Производство кормовых дрожжей // Лесная промышленность, 1965. - №17. – С. 272-278.
16 Квасников Е. И., Нестеренко О. А. Молочнокислые бактерий и их пути использования // Наука. 1975. - №11. – С. 383-390.
17 Speedy A.W. Overview of world feed protein needs and supply // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop. – Bangkok. – 2004. - № 1. – pр. 9 – 29.
18 Lijuan G. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria // Bioresource Technologу. – 2008. - № 99 (8). – p. 2742-2748.
19 Carlsson R. Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production // Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus. – 1977. -№ 19. – рр. 83 – 99.
20 Chadd, S.A. Practical production of protein for food animals // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. – Bangkok. – 2002. - № 1. – pp. 77 – 125.
21 Speedy A.W. Overview of world feed protein needs and supply // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop. – Bangkok. – 2004. - № 1. – pр. 9 – 29.
22 Doelle H.W. Microbial cultures in the utilization of cellulosic materials // Biotechnology Advances. – 1984. – Vol. 2, № 1. – pp. 1 – 19.
23 Lijuan G. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria // Bioresource Technology. – 2008. - № 99 (8). – pр. 2742 – 2748.
24 Bourdichona S. Food fermentations: Microorganisms with technological beneficial use // International Journal of Food Microbiology. – 2012. – Vol. 154, -№ 3. – рp. 87 – 97.
25 Carlsson R. Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production // Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus. – 1977. -№ 3. – рр. 83 – 99.
26 Dutta G.N., Devriese L.A. Degradation of Macrolide-Lincosamid-Streptogramin antibiotics by Lactobasillus strains from animals // Annales de Microbiologie. -2009. -№ 7.- рр. 51-57.
27 Toride Y. Lysine and other amino acids for feed: production and contribution to protein utilization in animal feeding // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. – Bangkok. – 2004. - № 1. – pр. 161 – 167.
References
1 Bondarenko E.A. (2005) Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SevKavGTU [Collection of scientific papers SevKavSTU.] Series: Food. North-Caucasian State Technical University, vol. 1. рp. 14-17.
2 Bourdichona S. (2012) Food fermentations: Microorganisms with technological beneficial use. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 3, pр. 87 – 97.
3 Bryzgalov L.P. (1965) Proizvodstvo kormovykh drozhzhey [Production of fodder yeast]. Forest Industry, vol. 17, p. 272-278.
4 Carlsson R. (1977) Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production. Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus, vol. 19, рр. 83 – 99.
5 Carlsson R. (1977) Amaranth species and related species for leaf protein concentrate production. Proceedings of 1st Amaranth conf., Rodale Press Inc., Emmaus, vol. 3, рр. 83 – 99.
6 Chadd, S.A. (2002) Practical production of protein for food animals. Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Bangkok, vol. 1. pр. 77 – 125.
7 Chestnov S.N. (2007) Sposob polucheniya belkovo – vitaminnogo korma [Method of obtaining protein-vitamin feeds]. Bioprotein, vol. 17, pр. 7-10.
8 Dedkov V.N. (2014) Razrabotka biotechnology kormogo belka iz rastitelnogo syrya [The development of the biotech for feed protein from plant raw material]. Orlov state agrarian university, vol. 24, pp. 142-146.
9 Doelle H.W. (2004) Microbial cultures in the utilization of cellulosic materials. Biotechnology Advances, vol. 1, pр. 1 – 19.
10 Dutta G.N., Devriese L.A. (2009) Degradation of Macrolide-Lincosamid-Streptogramin antibiotics by Lactobasillus strains from animals. Annales de Microbiologie, vol. 7, рр. 51-57.
11 Gneusheva I.A. (2010) Biotehnologicheskie podhody dlya polucheniya belkovo – uglevodnyh kormovyh dobavok dlya zhivotnovotstve [Biotechnological approaches for obtaining protein-carbohydrate feed additives for animal husbandry]. Publishing house OrelGau, vol. 7, pр. 45 – 48.
12 Grinberg T.A., Pirog T.P., Buklova V.N. Malashenko Yu.R. (1990) Vzaimootnosheniya mikroorgani.zmov v ekzopolisakharidobrazuyushchey smeshannoy kul'ture [Mutual relations of microorganisms in exopolysaccharide-forming mixed culture]. Microbiology, vol. 5. pр. 797-805.
13 Gusev M.V., Mineeva L.A. (1985) Mikrobiologiya [Microbiology]. M.: Moscow State University, pр. 372-376.
14 Knyazeva I.A. (1996) Razrabotka biokonvercyi othodov pererabotki zerna v belkovye kormavye preparaty putem tverdofazovnoi i glubinnoi fermentacyi ih s pomochiu drojjevyh mikroorganizmov [Development of bioconversion of grain processing wastes into protein fodder products by solid-phase and submerged fermentation with the help of yeasts]. Moscow. state. acad. food production, vol. 2, pр. 24.
15 Kvasnikov E.I., Nesterenko O.A. (1975) Molochnokislyye bakteriy i ikh puti ispol'zovaniya [Lactic acid bacteria and their ways of application]. Science, vol. 11, pр. 383-390.
16 Lesnov A.P. (2008) Soloma kak energeticheskyi i belkovyi istochnik dlya zhivotnovotstva живoтнoвoдcтвa [Straw as an energetic and protein source for livestock]. Engine-technological station, vol. 6, pр. 51-54.
17 Lijuan G. (2008) Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresource Technologу. № 99 (8), pр. 2742-2748.
18 Lijuan G. (2008) Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresource Technology, vol. 99 (8). pр. 2742 – 2748.
19 Netrusov A.I., Egorova M.A., Zaharchuk L.M. et al. (2005) Praktikum po microbiology [Practical work on microbiology]. Moscow.: Academy, vol. 4, pр. 256-258.
20 Popov P.D. (2016) Raschet balansa solomy v hozyaistve [Computation of straw balance in the economy]. Methodological recommendation, vol. 16, pр. 10.
21 Salamatzadeh A.A., Ganbarov Kh.G., Kafshdarjalal A.M. (2011) Vliyanie uslovyi kultivirovaniya na producirovanie molochnoi kisloty u bacteryi roda Lactobacillus [Influence of cultivation conditions on the production of lactic acid through genus Lactobacillus]. Bulletin of MGOU. Series: Natural Sciences, vol. 2, pр. 73-77.
22 Sokolenko G.G., Lazarev B.P., Minchenko S.V. (2015) Probiotiki v ratsional'nom kormlenii zhivotnykh [Probiotics in rational feeding of animals]. Technology of food and processing industry, vol. 1. рp.72-77.
23 Speedy A.W. (2004) Overview of world feed protein needs and supply // Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop. Bangkok, vol. 1, pp. 9 – 29.
24 Speedy A.W. (2004) Overview of world feed protein needs and supply. Protein sources for the animal feed industry. Expert Consultation and Workshop, vol. 1. pр. 9 – 29.
25 Sukhovskaya I.V., Borvinskaya E.V., Smirnov L.P., Nemova N.N. (2010) Sravnitel'nyy analiz metodov opredeleniya kontsentratsii belka - spektrofotometrii v diapazone 200-220 nm i soglasno Bredfordu [Comparative analysis of methods for determination of protein concentration spectrophotometry in the range 200-220 nm and according to Bradford]. Academy of Sciences, vol. 2, pр.68-71.
26 Tapabukin D.V. (2009) Fepmentativnye texnologii nappavlennoy biokonvepcii tsellyulozo - i kpaxmalcodepzhashchego pactitel'nogo cyp'ya [The effective technologies of directional bioconversion of cellulose and starch containing raw materials]. Ufa, vol. 37, pр. 23-26.
27 Toride Y. (2004) Lysine and other amino acids for feed: production and contribution to protein utilization in animal feeding. Protein sources for the animal feed industry, vol. 1, pр. 161 – 167.
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How to Cite
Malik, A. M., Zhubanova, A. A., Abdyeva, G. Z., Ualieva, P. S., Akimbekov, N. S., & Tastambek, K. T. (2018). Study of the growth activity of yeast and lactic acid bacteria on straw. Experimental Biology, 75(2), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2018-2-1333
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MICROBIOLOGY
