Морфологические особенности нематод Oswaldocruzia filiformis от остромордой лягушки в северных регионах Казахстана как индикатор состояния растительного покрова
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2019-3-b14Аннотация
Нематода Oswaldocruzia filiformis, паразитирующая у широкого круга наземных холоднокровных позвоночных, развивается с облигатными личиночными стадиями во внешней среде, нуждающимися в травянистой растительности, в этой связи может стать индикатором состояния околоводных биотопов и растительного покрова.
В бесснежный период 2005-2017 гг. в припойменных биотопах Павлодарской области было отловлено и подвергнуто гельминтологическому вскрытию 2084 экз. остромордой лягушки. Материал за 1984-1987 гг. включал 593 экз. остромордой лягушки.
Годовая динамика абсолютных размеров нематоды O.filiformis с 2005 по 2017 гг. показала почти двукратную разницу линейных размеров. Минимальные размеры в припойменных биотопах р. Иртыш зафиксированы летом 2005 г. (средняя длина самца 5,7493±0,1477, ширина 0,1456±0,0042: размеры самок – 8,3506±0,2556 и 0,1851±0,0045 мм соответственно). Самки достигали максимальных размеров в 2015 г. (14,4915±0,1431 длины и 0,21024±0,00192 мм ширины). Максимальная средняя длина самцов 7,77096±0,0975 мм – наблюдалась в 2017 г., максимальные значения ширины самца отмечены в 2015-2016 гг. (0,1719 и 0,1715 мм). Наибольшие размеры самки освальдокруции от остромордой лягушки отмечались в 2006 г. (20,6 мм длины и 0,3 мм ширины), при небольших средних размерах нематод. Наибольшая длина самца (12,35 мм) наблюдалась в 2013 г., максимальная ширина (0,25 мм) – в 2012 г.
В популяции крупных взрослых лягушек в 2004-2005 гг. на озере Биржанколь (Казахский Мелкосопочник) самки освальдокруций достигали до 21 мм длины и 0,35 мм ширины, самцы – до 13,0 и 0,25 мм соответственно. В низине возле дач «Яблонька» наблюдалась тугорослость молодых лягушек и сравнительно малая длина и значительная ширина O.filiformis (средняя длина самца 6.25625±0.4257, ширина 0.1781±0.0074; средняя длина самки 8,83±0,2791, ширина 0,27±0,0255 мм), что обусловлено органическим загрязнением, приводившим к угнетению как хозяев, так и гельминтов. Среди факторов формирования линейных размеров гельминтов можно назвать размеры хозяев, межвидовой и внутривидовой антагонизм гельминтов.
Ключевые слова: остромордая лягушка, нематода Oswaldocruzia filiformis, размеры тела, пойма, режим реки
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