Introduction of Kazakhstan species of Irises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577//eb.2020.v83.i2.02Abstract
According to various sources 19 (22) species are found in the flora of Kazakhstan except 3 rare species (Iris alberti Regel, I. ludwigii Maxim, I. tigridia Bunge) and endemics I. ludwigii, I. alberti. Eight species are used in folk medicine. Most of the wild irises grow in southeast Kazakhstan in various environmental conditions where they are found from the foothills and slopes of Dzungarian Alatau and the North Tien Shan mountains up to the desert territory of the Balkhash-Alakol depression.
We studied introducted species of the genus Iris L. attracted in 2015–2019 by living plants from natural habitats (foothills of the Zailiysky Alatau, South. Balkhash) as well as, seeds by delectus exchange. In order to restore the collection of species belong to Iris L. on the site of medicinal plants have studded the features of their seasonal development, fruiting and seed propagation under conditions of small plot cultivation in the territory of MBG.
In the studies have been used generally accepted introduction methods with their slight modifications as applied to local conditions.
As a result of studies, it was found that the tested species of irises tolerate translocation well. All 4 species transferred to the culture by rhizomes undergo a normal cycle of phenological development, flowering, 2 species regularly give matured seeds.
Seed propagation of wild irises gives extremely low results which are further exacerbated by the seedling germination cycle extended over the years that again confirms the above literature data on their low seed reproduction potential. At the same time, some of the pre-sowing treatment options that we tested give reason to believe that it is promising to develop more effective methods for seed propagation of irises.
Key words: irises, introduction, Kazakhstan
References
1 Flora Kazakhstana (1958), – vol. 2, – pp. 233–246. (1961) Alma-Ata, vol. 5, pp. 496–497.
2 Abdulina S.A. (1999) Spisok sosudistykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [List of vascular plants in Kazakhstan] pod
redaktsiyey R.V. Kamelina. – Almaty, pp. 106–107.
3 Baitenov M.S. (2001) Flora of Kazakhstan in 2 vol. Generic complex of flora. – Almaty: Gylym, vol. 2, p. 54.
4 Krasnaya kniga Kazakhstana (2014) [The Red Book of Kazakhstan]. Izd. 2–ye, pererabotannoye
dopolnennoye – vol. 2. – Rasteniya (koll. avtorov). – Astana. – ТОО «АртPrintXXI», pp. 335–337.
5 L.M. Grudzinskaya, N. G. Gemejiyeva, N. V. Nelina, ZH. ZH. Karzhaubekova (2014) Annotirovannyy spisok
lekarstvennykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [Annotated list of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan] /Spravochnoye izdaniye. Almaty, pp. 86–87.
6 Alekseyeva N.B. (2003) Itogi introduktsii vidov Iris L. (Iridaceae) flory Rossii i perspektivy ispol'zovaniya [Results of the introduction of species of Iris L. (Iridaceae) of the flora of Russia and prospects for use]. Sbornik statey botanicheskikh issledovaniy v Aziatskoy Rossii. Barnaul, vol. 3, pp. 137–138.
7 Alekseyeva N.B. Istoriya introduktsii dikorastushchikh vidov Iris (Iridaceae) flory Rossii. [History of introduction of wild species of Iris (Iridaceae) from flora of Russia]. (accessed: https://www.binran.ru/files/publications/Proceedings/Proceedings – 300 – years).
8 Abdel Nasser B. Singab, Iriny M. Ayoub, Mohamed El-Shazly, Michal Korinek, Tung-Ying Wu, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Yang-Chang Wu. (DEC 15. 2016) Shedding the light on Iridaceae: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Industrial crop and products, vol. 92, pp. 308–335.
9 Roger B., Jeannot V., Fernandez S., Cerantola J. (sep-oct. 2012) Characterisation and Quantification of Flavonoids in Iris germanica L. and Iris pallida Lam. Resinoids from Morocco. Phytochemical analysis, vol. 23, issue 5, pp. 450–455.
10 Shibli, R.A., Ajlouni, M. (2000) Somatic embryogenesis in the endemic black iris. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol. 61, pp. 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006468122819.
11 Boltenkov E.V. (2002) Izucheniye osobennostey kul'tivirovaniya in vitro tkaney dal'nevostochnykh vidov roda Iris L. (Iridaceae) dlya ispol'zovaniya v biotekhnologii. [Study of features of in vitro tissues cultivation of Far Eastern species of Iris L. genus (Iridaceae) for use biotechnology]. Tekst.: Avtoref. Dis. candidate of biological Sciences / E.V. Boltenkov –Vladivostok, p. 24.
12 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Osobennosti vvedeniya v kul'turu in vitro irisa sibirskogo (/. sibirica L.) [Features of the introduction of in vitro culture of Iris sibirica (/. sibirica L.)]. Agrarnaya nauka sel'skomu khozyaystvu. Sbornik statey V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno – prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Barnaul. – Book 2, pp. 380–383.
13 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Polucheniye rasteniy-regenerantov irisa iz izolirovannykh zarodyshey v usloviyakh in vitro [Obtaining Iris regenerated plants from isolated embryos in vitro]. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no 7 (69), pp. 45–49.
14 Mopper Susan, Wiens Karen C., Goranova Greta A. (sept. 2016) Competition, salinity, and clonal growth in native and introduced Irises. American Journal of botany, vol. 103, issue 9, pp.1575–1581.
15 Kizil, S., Khawar, K.M. and Arslan, N. (2015). Introduction of Economically Important Bulbous Plants Collected from Wild Flora in SemiArid Climatic Conditions of Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. ActaHortic. 1077, 143–153. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic. 2015.1077.15 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1077.15.
16 Guo C. X., Zhou, Y., Dong Y. F., Chen F.Z., Tong J., Tong Z.F., Xu H.L., Tan Q. (2013) Introduction and Drought-Resistance Evaluation of Ten Iris Species. International Conference on Germplasm of Ornamentals. Acta Hortic. – 977, pp. 75–82.
17 Seliverstova E.N., Shchegrinets N.V. (2017) Kollektsionnyy fond semeystva Kasatikovykh (Iridaceae) v Stavropol’skom Botanicheskom sadu [Iridaceae family collection fund in Stavropol botanical garden]. Vestnik APK Stavropol’ya, vol. 2, pp. 194–196.
18 Introduktsiya lekarstvennykh, aromaticheskikh i tekhnicheskikh rasteniy (1965) [Introduction of medicinal,
aromatic and industrial plants]. Itogi rabot introduktsionnogo pitomnika BIN AN SSSR za 250 let. М. – L., pp. 152–156.
19 Dadasheva L.K., Ibadly O.V. (2010) Sostoyaniye tcenopopulyatsiy nekotorykh redkikh vidov rodov Tulipa i Iris na severo-vostoke azerbaydzhana [Status of center populations of some rare species of the genus Tulipa and Iris in the northeast of Azerbaijan]. Botanical Journal, vol. 95, issue 12, pp. 1737–1742.
20 Elisafenko T.V. (2010) Osobennosti ontogeneza Iris humilis (Iridaceae) v yestestvennykh usloviyakh v Tsentral'nom Altaye i v usloviyakh introduktsii v g. Novosibirske. [Features of the ontogenesis of Iris humilis (Iridaceae) in vivo in Central Altai and under conditions of introduction in Novosibirsk]. Rastitel’nye resursy, vol. 46, issue 4, pp. 21–34.
21 Indzheyeva L.A., Baktasheva N.M. (2013) Biologicheskiye osobennosti i struktura prirodnykh tsenopopulyatsiy Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link v respublike Kalmykiya [Biological features and structure of natural coenopopulations of Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link in the Republic of Kalmykia]. Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN, no 2, pp. 135–138.
22 Dovedan, Ines Han; Moric, Sanja; Sindrak, Zoran (jan-jun 2012) Influence of substrate and fertilization on growth and development of Iris adriatica. Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca, vol. 40, issue 1, pp. 212–215.
23 Volis Sergei, Dorman Michael, Blecher Michael, Sapir Yuval, Burdeniy Lev. (2011) Variation partitioning in canonical ordination reveals no effect of soil but an effect of co-occurring species on translocation success in Iris atrofusca. J. Applied ecology, vоl. 48, pp. 265–273.
24 Rasteniya prirodnoy flory Kazakhstana v introduktsii (1990) [Plants of the natural flora of Kazakhstan in the introduction]. Spravochnik. Alma-ata «Gylym», p. 287.
25 Ishmuratova M.M. (1999) Osobennosti kul'tivirovaniya in vitro rasteniy razlichnykh ekologicheskikh grupp na primere vidov roda Iris L. [Features of in vitro cultivation of plants of various ecological groups by the example of species of the genus Iris L.]. Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 67–74.
26 Ishmuratova M.M., Rakhimova A.F. (1999) Ispol'zovaniye kul'tury in vitro dlya razmnozheniya gibridov Iris L. [Using an in vitro culture to propagate Iris L. hybrids]. II Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 74–78.
27 S’edina I.A., Otradnih I.G. (2016) Fenoritmy redkih dekorativnykh travyanistykh rasteniy Severnogo Tyan'-Shanya v Al'pinarij botanicheskogo sada Almaty [Phenorhythms of rare ornamental herbaceous plants of the Northern Tien-Shan in the rock gardens of the Almaty Botanical Garden]. Sokhraneniye raznoobraziya rastitel'nogo mira v botanicheskikh sadakh: traditsii, sovremennost', perspektivy: mater. Mezhdunar. konf., posvyashchennoy 70–letiyu CSBS (Novosibirsk, 1–8 avgust). – Novosibirsk, pp. 288–289.
28 Metodika fenologicheskikh nablyudeniy v botanicheskikh sadakh SSSR (1983) [Methodology of phenological observations in the botanical gardens of the USSR]. – М., p. 27.
29 Metodika issledovaniy pri introduktsii lekarstvennykh rasteniy (1989) [Research technique for the introduction of medicinal plants]. – M., p. 39.
30 Grudzinskaya L.M. (2009) Introduktsionnyy analiz rasteniy semeystva Fabaceae Lindl. [Introduction analysis of plants of the family Fabaceae Lindl.]. Botanicheskiye issledovaniya Sibiri i Kazakhstana. Kemerovo, issue 15, pp. 94–102.
31 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (May 2016): APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vоl. 181, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.
32 Geltman D.V. (2019) Sovremennyye sistemy tsvetkovykh rasteniy [Modern flowering plant systems]. Botanical Journal, vоl. 104, pp. 78–87.
33 The Plant List. 2013. Version 1.1. http://www.theplantlist.org/.
34 Plantarium: otkrytyy onlayn atlas-opredelitel rasteniy i lishaynikov Rossii i sopredelnykh stran 2007–2020. [Plantarium: an open online atlas identifier of plants and lichens in Russia and neighboring countries]. http://www.plantarium.ru/. (In Russian).
2 Abdulina S.A. (1999) Spisok sosudistykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [List of vascular plants in Kazakhstan] pod
redaktsiyey R.V. Kamelina. – Almaty, pp. 106–107.
3 Baitenov M.S. (2001) Flora of Kazakhstan in 2 vol. Generic complex of flora. – Almaty: Gylym, vol. 2, p. 54.
4 Krasnaya kniga Kazakhstana (2014) [The Red Book of Kazakhstan]. Izd. 2–ye, pererabotannoye
dopolnennoye – vol. 2. – Rasteniya (koll. avtorov). – Astana. – ТОО «АртPrintXXI», pp. 335–337.
5 L.M. Grudzinskaya, N. G. Gemejiyeva, N. V. Nelina, ZH. ZH. Karzhaubekova (2014) Annotirovannyy spisok
lekarstvennykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [Annotated list of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan] /Spravochnoye izdaniye. Almaty, pp. 86–87.
6 Alekseyeva N.B. (2003) Itogi introduktsii vidov Iris L. (Iridaceae) flory Rossii i perspektivy ispol'zovaniya [Results of the introduction of species of Iris L. (Iridaceae) of the flora of Russia and prospects for use]. Sbornik statey botanicheskikh issledovaniy v Aziatskoy Rossii. Barnaul, vol. 3, pp. 137–138.
7 Alekseyeva N.B. Istoriya introduktsii dikorastushchikh vidov Iris (Iridaceae) flory Rossii. [History of introduction of wild species of Iris (Iridaceae) from flora of Russia]. (accessed: https://www.binran.ru/files/publications/Proceedings/Proceedings – 300 – years).
8 Abdel Nasser B. Singab, Iriny M. Ayoub, Mohamed El-Shazly, Michal Korinek, Tung-Ying Wu, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Yang-Chang Wu. (DEC 15. 2016) Shedding the light on Iridaceae: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Industrial crop and products, vol. 92, pp. 308–335.
9 Roger B., Jeannot V., Fernandez S., Cerantola J. (sep-oct. 2012) Characterisation and Quantification of Flavonoids in Iris germanica L. and Iris pallida Lam. Resinoids from Morocco. Phytochemical analysis, vol. 23, issue 5, pp. 450–455.
10 Shibli, R.A., Ajlouni, M. (2000) Somatic embryogenesis in the endemic black iris. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol. 61, pp. 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006468122819.
11 Boltenkov E.V. (2002) Izucheniye osobennostey kul'tivirovaniya in vitro tkaney dal'nevostochnykh vidov roda Iris L. (Iridaceae) dlya ispol'zovaniya v biotekhnologii. [Study of features of in vitro tissues cultivation of Far Eastern species of Iris L. genus (Iridaceae) for use biotechnology]. Tekst.: Avtoref. Dis. candidate of biological Sciences / E.V. Boltenkov –Vladivostok, p. 24.
12 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Osobennosti vvedeniya v kul'turu in vitro irisa sibirskogo (/. sibirica L.) [Features of the introduction of in vitro culture of Iris sibirica (/. sibirica L.)]. Agrarnaya nauka sel'skomu khozyaystvu. Sbornik statey V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno – prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Barnaul. – Book 2, pp. 380–383.
13 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Polucheniye rasteniy-regenerantov irisa iz izolirovannykh zarodyshey v usloviyakh in vitro [Obtaining Iris regenerated plants from isolated embryos in vitro]. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no 7 (69), pp. 45–49.
14 Mopper Susan, Wiens Karen C., Goranova Greta A. (sept. 2016) Competition, salinity, and clonal growth in native and introduced Irises. American Journal of botany, vol. 103, issue 9, pp.1575–1581.
15 Kizil, S., Khawar, K.M. and Arslan, N. (2015). Introduction of Economically Important Bulbous Plants Collected from Wild Flora in SemiArid Climatic Conditions of Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. ActaHortic. 1077, 143–153. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic. 2015.1077.15 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1077.15.
16 Guo C. X., Zhou, Y., Dong Y. F., Chen F.Z., Tong J., Tong Z.F., Xu H.L., Tan Q. (2013) Introduction and Drought-Resistance Evaluation of Ten Iris Species. International Conference on Germplasm of Ornamentals. Acta Hortic. – 977, pp. 75–82.
17 Seliverstova E.N., Shchegrinets N.V. (2017) Kollektsionnyy fond semeystva Kasatikovykh (Iridaceae) v Stavropol’skom Botanicheskom sadu [Iridaceae family collection fund in Stavropol botanical garden]. Vestnik APK Stavropol’ya, vol. 2, pp. 194–196.
18 Introduktsiya lekarstvennykh, aromaticheskikh i tekhnicheskikh rasteniy (1965) [Introduction of medicinal,
aromatic and industrial plants]. Itogi rabot introduktsionnogo pitomnika BIN AN SSSR za 250 let. М. – L., pp. 152–156.
19 Dadasheva L.K., Ibadly O.V. (2010) Sostoyaniye tcenopopulyatsiy nekotorykh redkikh vidov rodov Tulipa i Iris na severo-vostoke azerbaydzhana [Status of center populations of some rare species of the genus Tulipa and Iris in the northeast of Azerbaijan]. Botanical Journal, vol. 95, issue 12, pp. 1737–1742.
20 Elisafenko T.V. (2010) Osobennosti ontogeneza Iris humilis (Iridaceae) v yestestvennykh usloviyakh v Tsentral'nom Altaye i v usloviyakh introduktsii v g. Novosibirske. [Features of the ontogenesis of Iris humilis (Iridaceae) in vivo in Central Altai and under conditions of introduction in Novosibirsk]. Rastitel’nye resursy, vol. 46, issue 4, pp. 21–34.
21 Indzheyeva L.A., Baktasheva N.M. (2013) Biologicheskiye osobennosti i struktura prirodnykh tsenopopulyatsiy Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link v respublike Kalmykiya [Biological features and structure of natural coenopopulations of Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link in the Republic of Kalmykia]. Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN, no 2, pp. 135–138.
22 Dovedan, Ines Han; Moric, Sanja; Sindrak, Zoran (jan-jun 2012) Influence of substrate and fertilization on growth and development of Iris adriatica. Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca, vol. 40, issue 1, pp. 212–215.
23 Volis Sergei, Dorman Michael, Blecher Michael, Sapir Yuval, Burdeniy Lev. (2011) Variation partitioning in canonical ordination reveals no effect of soil but an effect of co-occurring species on translocation success in Iris atrofusca. J. Applied ecology, vоl. 48, pp. 265–273.
24 Rasteniya prirodnoy flory Kazakhstana v introduktsii (1990) [Plants of the natural flora of Kazakhstan in the introduction]. Spravochnik. Alma-ata «Gylym», p. 287.
25 Ishmuratova M.M. (1999) Osobennosti kul'tivirovaniya in vitro rasteniy razlichnykh ekologicheskikh grupp na primere vidov roda Iris L. [Features of in vitro cultivation of plants of various ecological groups by the example of species of the genus Iris L.]. Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 67–74.
26 Ishmuratova M.M., Rakhimova A.F. (1999) Ispol'zovaniye kul'tury in vitro dlya razmnozheniya gibridov Iris L. [Using an in vitro culture to propagate Iris L. hybrids]. II Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 74–78.
27 S’edina I.A., Otradnih I.G. (2016) Fenoritmy redkih dekorativnykh travyanistykh rasteniy Severnogo Tyan'-Shanya v Al'pinarij botanicheskogo sada Almaty [Phenorhythms of rare ornamental herbaceous plants of the Northern Tien-Shan in the rock gardens of the Almaty Botanical Garden]. Sokhraneniye raznoobraziya rastitel'nogo mira v botanicheskikh sadakh: traditsii, sovremennost', perspektivy: mater. Mezhdunar. konf., posvyashchennoy 70–letiyu CSBS (Novosibirsk, 1–8 avgust). – Novosibirsk, pp. 288–289.
28 Metodika fenologicheskikh nablyudeniy v botanicheskikh sadakh SSSR (1983) [Methodology of phenological observations in the botanical gardens of the USSR]. – М., p. 27.
29 Metodika issledovaniy pri introduktsii lekarstvennykh rasteniy (1989) [Research technique for the introduction of medicinal plants]. – M., p. 39.
30 Grudzinskaya L.M. (2009) Introduktsionnyy analiz rasteniy semeystva Fabaceae Lindl. [Introduction analysis of plants of the family Fabaceae Lindl.]. Botanicheskiye issledovaniya Sibiri i Kazakhstana. Kemerovo, issue 15, pp. 94–102.
31 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (May 2016): APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vоl. 181, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.
32 Geltman D.V. (2019) Sovremennyye sistemy tsvetkovykh rasteniy [Modern flowering plant systems]. Botanical Journal, vоl. 104, pp. 78–87.
33 The Plant List. 2013. Version 1.1. http://www.theplantlist.org/.
34 Plantarium: otkrytyy onlayn atlas-opredelitel rasteniy i lishaynikov Rossii i sopredelnykh stran 2007–2020. [Plantarium: an open online atlas identifier of plants and lichens in Russia and neighboring countries]. http://www.plantarium.ru/. (In Russian).
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Ramazanova М. S., Grudzinskaya, L. M., & Gemejiyeva, N. G. (2020). Introduction of Kazakhstan species of Irises. Experimental Biology, 83(2), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.26577//eb.2020.v83.i2.02
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