Chemical-technological features of Malus sieversii clones in the Main Botanical Garden conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2018-2-1325Abstract
In this article the date of biochemical and technological quality features of fruits of Malus sieversii clones is given. M. sieversii differs by high intraspecific diversity in spread area and its fruit biochemical composition. Chemical and technological evaluation, which will be conducted for the first time using new clones of the Dzhungar population, are relevant. The aim of our work was the investigation of biochemical and technological quality features of fruit of M. sieversii clones and the selection of the most valuable cultivars for their processing and use in breeding. During our investigation 10clones of M. sieversii selected from different populations of the Dzungarian Alatau were engaged. To study the chemical composition of fruit the generally accepted methods were used. The percentage of dry matter, sugar, organic acids, water-soluble pectin, leucoanthocyanins and P-active substances was determined. The analysis was carried out during the period of 2012 till 2015. Fruits of the researched clones of M. sieversii in most cases were small and characterized by a higher acidity, from 1.11 to 1.73 %. Low content of acids was found in 2 clones. Among the M. sieversii clones possessing a high sugar-acid index, only 1 clone was outstanding. Among 10 clones of M. sieversii 4 of them were outstanding by high sugar content, up to 14%. The leucoanthocyanins’ content of the researched clones was from 74 to 651 mg per 100 g. High content of P-active substances was found in 4 clones. Most of the researched clones of M. sieversii demonstrated a high level of water-soluble pectin; it was from 1.04 to 2.5%. A high level of dry substance in fruit of the researched plants was noted. As a result of biochemical and technological characteristics of clones of M. sieversii, we have determined cultivars containing a high level of nutrients and biological active substances. And it can be used as a valuable source in breeding and product processing.
Key words: Malus sieversii clones, chemical composition, biological active substances, apple fruit.
References
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3 Джангалиев А.Д. Дикая яблоня Казахстана. – Алма-Ата: Наука, 1977. – C. 110 – 226.
4 Jenks M. A. and Bebeli, P. (Eds.). Breeding for fruit quality. – John Wiley & Sons. – 2011. – P. 173 – 200.
5 Lyon BG, Robertson JA, Meredith FI. Sensory descriptive analysis of cv. Cresthaven peaches-maturity, ripening, and storage effects //Journal of Food Science. – 1993. – Vol. 58. – P. 171 – 181.
6 Otto D. Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: Ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides // Environ. Health perspect. – 1999. – P. 109-114.
7 Гудковский В.А. Стресс плодовых растений / В.А. Гудковский, Н.Я. Каширская, Е.М. Цуканова. – Воронеж: Кварта, 2005. – C. 128 – 136.
8 Shirley B.F. Flavonoid biosynthesis: «New» functions for an «old» pathway // Trands Plant Sci. – 1996. – Vol. 11. - No 11. – Р. 377 – 382.
9 Dixon J. and Hewett E.W. Factors affecting apple aroma / flavor volatile concentration: a review. // New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. –2000a. – Vol. 28. – Р. 155 – 173.
10 Usenik V., Mikulic Petkovsek M., Solar A., Stampar F. Flavanols of leaves in relation to apple scab resistance. ZeitschriftfürPflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. – 2004. – Vol. 111. – Р. 137 – 144.
11 Treutter D. Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis. // Plant Biology. –2005. – Vol. 7. – Р. 581 – 591.
12 Harborne J.B. Plants phenolics. In: E.A. Bell and B.V. Charlwood (eds.): Secondary Plant Products. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. –1980. – Vol. 8. – Р. 329 – 402.
13 Wollenweber E. and Diez V.H.. Occurrence and distribution of free flavonoid aglycones in plants. Phytochemistry. – 1981. – No. 20. – Р. 869 – 932.
14 Вавилов Н. И. Центры происхождения культурных растений // Избранные труды. 1965. – Т.5. С.9 – 176.
15 Джангалиев А.Д. К итогам 60-летних исследований яблоневых лесов Заилийского и Джунгарского Алатау // Тр. Межд. научной конференции, посвященной 75-летию Института ботаники и фитоинтродукции (12-14 сентября 2007г). Растительный мир и его охрана. – Алматы, 2007. – С. 208 – 212.
16 Ермаков А.И. и др. Методы биохимического исследования растений. – Л.: «Колос», Ленинградское отделение, 1972. – C. 312 – 456.
17 Вигоров Л.И. Определение различных форм катехинов в плодах и ягодах // Труды II Всесоюзного семинара по биологически активным (лечебным) веществам плодов и ягод. – Свердловск, 1964.– C. 310–322.
18 Самсонова А.Н., Ушева В.Б. Фруктовые и овощные соки (Техника и технология). – Москва: Агропром, 1990г. – 287с.
19 Программа и методика сортоизучения плодовых, ягодных и орехоплодных культур // Под общей редакцией Г.А. Лобанова. – Мичуринск, 1973. – С. 268 – 275.
20 Самсонова А.Н. Производство фруктово-ягодных соков с мякотью.- М.: Пищевая промышленность, 1962. – C. 114 – 120.
21 Suni M., Nyman M., Eriksson N-A., Björk L. and Björk I. Carbohydrate composition and content of organic acids in fresh and stored apples. // J. Sci. Food Agric. –2000. – Vol. 80. – P. 1538 – 1544.
22 Ackermann J., Fischer M., Amadó R. Changes in sugars, acids and amino acids during ripening and storage of apples (cv. Glockenapfel). // J. Agric. Food Chem. –1992. – Vol. 40. – P. 1131 – 1134.
23 Gibson L.J. The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials. J. Royal Soc. – 2012. - P. 1 – 18.
24 Tao S., Khanizadeh S., Zhang H. and Zhang S. Anatomy, ultrastructure and lignin distribution of stone cells in two Pyrus species. // Plant Sci. – 2009. – Vol. 176. – P. 413 – 419.
25 Кривенцов В.И. К методике определения сухих веществ в образцах сырой растительной ткани. // В сб. «Труды ГНБС». – 1976.–Т. 69. – С. 70 – 95.
26 Berüter J. Sugar accumulation and changes in the activities of related enzymes during development of the apple fruit. -// J. Plant Physiol. – 1985. – No 121. – P. 331-341.
27 Седова 3.А. Биологически активные вещества в плодах семечковых культур / 3. А. Седова, С. Е. Соколова, М. А. Макаркина // Садоводство и виноградарство. – 1991. - № 2. – С. 30–32.
28 Cкурихин, И.М. Химический состав пищевых продуктов. – М.: Пищевая промышленность, 1979. С. 117 – 247.
29 Сапожников Е.В. Пектиновые вещества плодов. – М.: Наука, 1965. – С.160 – 182.
30 Запрометов М.Н. Биохимия катехинов. – М.: Наука, 1963.– C. 20 – 25.
31 Скурихин И.М., Шатерников В.А. Как правильно питаться. – М.: Агропромиздат, 1985. – C. 180 – 239.
32 Седов Е.Н. Селекция и новые сорта яблони / Е.Н. Седов. – Орел: ВНИИСПК, 2011. – С. 300 – 624.
33 Дмитриев А. П. Сигнальные молекулы растений для активации защитных реакций в ответ на биотический стресс // Физиология растений. – 2003. – Т. 50, - № 4. – С. 465 – 474.
References
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2 Berüter J. (1985). Sugar accumulation and changes in the activities of related enzymes during development of the apple fruit. J. Plant Physiol., no121, pp. 331 – 341.
3 Dixon J. and Hewett E.W.(2000a) Factors affecting apple aroma and flavor volatile concentration: a review. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, no 28, pp. 155 – 173.
4 Djangaliev A.D. (1969) Himico-tehnologicheskaja harakterictica dikih jablok [Chemical-technological characteristic of wild apple]. Alma-Ata, pp. 13 – 21.
5 Djangaliev A.D. (1977) Dikaja jablonja Kazahstana [Wild apple of Kazakstan]. Alma-Ata: Nauka, pp. 110 – 226.
6 Djangaliev A.D. (2007) K itogam 60-letnih issledovaniji jablonevyh lesov Zailijiskogoi Dzhungarskogo Alatau [The results of 60-year research of apple forests in Ily and Dzhungar Alatay]. Tr. Mezhd. Nauchnoi konferencii, posvjashhennoi 75-letiu Instituta botaniki i fitointrodukcii (12-14 sentjabrja 2007g.). Rastitel’nyij mir i ego ohrana. Almaty, pp. 208-212.
7 Dmitriev A.P. (2003) Signal’nye molekuly rasteniji dlya aktivacii zashhitnyh reakciji v otvet na bioticheskiji stress [Signaling plant molecules to activate protective responses in response to biotic stress]. Fiziologija rasteniji. V. 50, no 4, pp. 465 – 474.
8 Ermakov A.I. i dr. (1972) Metody biohimicheskogo issledovanija rasteniji [Methods of Plant’s biological study], “Kolos”, Leningradskoe otdelenie, pp. 312 – 456.
9 Gibson L.J. (2012) The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials. J. Royal Soc., pp. 1-18.
10 Gudkovskiji V.A. (2005) Stress plodovyh rasteniji [Stress of fruit plants]. V.A. Gudkovskiji N.J., Kashirskaja E.M. Cukanova. Voronej: Kvarta, pp. 128 – 136.
11 Harborne J.B. (1980). Plants phenolics. In: E.A. Bell and B.V. Charlwood (eds.): Secondary Plant Products. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series Vol. 8. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp. 329-402.
12 Jenks M.A. and Bebeli, P. (Eds.). (2011) Breeding for fruit quality. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 173 – 200.
13 John K.M.M., Enkhtaivan G., Kim J.J., Kim D.H. (2014) Metabolic variation and antioxidant potential of Malus prumifolia (wild apple) comparied with high flavon-3-ol containing fruits (apple, grapes) and beverage (black tea). Food Chemistry, vol. 163, pp. 46 – 50.
14 Kriventsov V.I. (1976) K metodike opredelenija suhih veshhestv v obraztsah syroi rastitel’noi tkani[To the procedure for determining of dry substances in samples of raw plant tissue]. V sb. “Trudy GNBC”, no69, рр.70 – 95.
15 Lyon B.G, Robertson J.A, Meredith F.I. (1993) Sensory descriptive analysis of cv. Cresthaven peaches-maturity, ripening, and storage effects. Journal of Food Science. Vol. 58, pp. 171 – 181.
16 Otto D. (1999) Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: Ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides. Environ. Health perspect ed. D. Otto, M. Meier, S. Schlatter, J.Frischknecht, pp. 109 – 114.
17 Programma i metodika sortoizuchenia plodovyh, jagodnyh I orehoplodnyh kul’tur (1973) [Program and methodology of varietal studies of fruit, berry and nut plant cultures]. Pod obshheijredakcieji G.A. Lobanova. Michurinsk, pp. 268 – 275.
18 Samsonova A.N., Usheva V.B. (1990) Fruktovye I ovoshhnye soki (Tehnica I tehnologija) [Fruit and vegetable juices (machinery and technologies)]. Moskva: Agroprom, pp. 287.
19 Samsonova A.N. (1962) Proizvodstvofruktovo-jagodnych socov s mjacot’ji [Production of fruit and berry juices with pulp]. Moskva: Pishhevaja promyshlennost’, pp. 114 – 120.
20 Sapozhnikov E.V. (1965) Pektinovye veshhestva plodov [The Pectic Substances of Plants]. Moskva: Nauka, pp. 160 – 182.
21 Sedova Z.A. (1991) “Biologicheski aktivnye veshhestva v plodah semechcovyh cul’tur [Biological active substances in pome Plants]” in Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo, ed. Z.A. Sedova, S.E. Sokolova, M.A. Makarkina, no 2, pp. 30-32.
22 Sedov E.N. (2011) Selektsia i novye sorta jabloni [Selection and new varieties of apple trees]. Orel: VNIISPK, рр. 300 – 624.
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24 Skurihin I.M. (1979) Himicheskiji sostav pishhevyh produktov [Chemical composition of food products.] Мoskva: Pishhevaia promyshlennost’, pp. 117 – 247.
25 Shirley B.F. (1996) Flavonoid biosynthesis: «New» functions for an «old» pathway. Trands Plant Sci. Vol. 11, no 11. pp. 377 – 382.
26 Suni M., Nyman M., Eriksson N-A., Björk L. and Björk I. (2000) Carbohydrate composition and content of organic acids in fresh and stored apples. J. Sci. Food Agric, no 80, pp. 1538 – 1544.
27 Tao S., Khanizadeh S., Zhang H. and Zhang S. (2009) Anatomy, ultrastructure and lignin distribution of stone cells in two Pyrus species. Plant Sci.Vol. 176, pp. 413 – 419.
28 Treutter D (2005). Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis. Plant Biology. Vol. 7, pp. 581 – 591.
29 Vavilov N.I. (1965) Tsentry proishojdenija kul’turnyh rasteniji [Centers of origin of cultivated Plants] izbrannye trudy. vol. 5, pp. 9 – 176.
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31 Usenik V., Mikulic Petkovsek M., Solar A., Stampar F. (2004) Flavanols of leaves in relation to apple scab resistance. Zeitschriftfür Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. Vol. 111, pp. 137 – 144.
32 Wollenweber E. and Diez V. (1981) Occurrence and distribution of free flavonoid aglycones in plants. Phytochemistry. Vol. 20, pp. 869 – 932.
33 Zaprometov M. N. (1963) Biohimija katehinov. [Biochemistry of catechins]. M., Nauka, pp. 20 – 25.
2 Джангалиев А.Д. Химико-технологическая характеристика диких яблок. – Алма-Ата, 1969. – C. 13 – 21.
3 Джангалиев А.Д. Дикая яблоня Казахстана. – Алма-Ата: Наука, 1977. – C. 110 – 226.
4 Jenks M. A. and Bebeli, P. (Eds.). Breeding for fruit quality. – John Wiley & Sons. – 2011. – P. 173 – 200.
5 Lyon BG, Robertson JA, Meredith FI. Sensory descriptive analysis of cv. Cresthaven peaches-maturity, ripening, and storage effects //Journal of Food Science. – 1993. – Vol. 58. – P. 171 – 181.
6 Otto D. Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: Ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides // Environ. Health perspect. – 1999. – P. 109-114.
7 Гудковский В.А. Стресс плодовых растений / В.А. Гудковский, Н.Я. Каширская, Е.М. Цуканова. – Воронеж: Кварта, 2005. – C. 128 – 136.
8 Shirley B.F. Flavonoid biosynthesis: «New» functions for an «old» pathway // Trands Plant Sci. – 1996. – Vol. 11. - No 11. – Р. 377 – 382.
9 Dixon J. and Hewett E.W. Factors affecting apple aroma / flavor volatile concentration: a review. // New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. –2000a. – Vol. 28. – Р. 155 – 173.
10 Usenik V., Mikulic Petkovsek M., Solar A., Stampar F. Flavanols of leaves in relation to apple scab resistance. ZeitschriftfürPflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. – 2004. – Vol. 111. – Р. 137 – 144.
11 Treutter D. Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis. // Plant Biology. –2005. – Vol. 7. – Р. 581 – 591.
12 Harborne J.B. Plants phenolics. In: E.A. Bell and B.V. Charlwood (eds.): Secondary Plant Products. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. –1980. – Vol. 8. – Р. 329 – 402.
13 Wollenweber E. and Diez V.H.. Occurrence and distribution of free flavonoid aglycones in plants. Phytochemistry. – 1981. – No. 20. – Р. 869 – 932.
14 Вавилов Н. И. Центры происхождения культурных растений // Избранные труды. 1965. – Т.5. С.9 – 176.
15 Джангалиев А.Д. К итогам 60-летних исследований яблоневых лесов Заилийского и Джунгарского Алатау // Тр. Межд. научной конференции, посвященной 75-летию Института ботаники и фитоинтродукции (12-14 сентября 2007г). Растительный мир и его охрана. – Алматы, 2007. – С. 208 – 212.
16 Ермаков А.И. и др. Методы биохимического исследования растений. – Л.: «Колос», Ленинградское отделение, 1972. – C. 312 – 456.
17 Вигоров Л.И. Определение различных форм катехинов в плодах и ягодах // Труды II Всесоюзного семинара по биологически активным (лечебным) веществам плодов и ягод. – Свердловск, 1964.– C. 310–322.
18 Самсонова А.Н., Ушева В.Б. Фруктовые и овощные соки (Техника и технология). – Москва: Агропром, 1990г. – 287с.
19 Программа и методика сортоизучения плодовых, ягодных и орехоплодных культур // Под общей редакцией Г.А. Лобанова. – Мичуринск, 1973. – С. 268 – 275.
20 Самсонова А.Н. Производство фруктово-ягодных соков с мякотью.- М.: Пищевая промышленность, 1962. – C. 114 – 120.
21 Suni M., Nyman M., Eriksson N-A., Björk L. and Björk I. Carbohydrate composition and content of organic acids in fresh and stored apples. // J. Sci. Food Agric. –2000. – Vol. 80. – P. 1538 – 1544.
22 Ackermann J., Fischer M., Amadó R. Changes in sugars, acids and amino acids during ripening and storage of apples (cv. Glockenapfel). // J. Agric. Food Chem. –1992. – Vol. 40. – P. 1131 – 1134.
23 Gibson L.J. The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials. J. Royal Soc. – 2012. - P. 1 – 18.
24 Tao S., Khanizadeh S., Zhang H. and Zhang S. Anatomy, ultrastructure and lignin distribution of stone cells in two Pyrus species. // Plant Sci. – 2009. – Vol. 176. – P. 413 – 419.
25 Кривенцов В.И. К методике определения сухих веществ в образцах сырой растительной ткани. // В сб. «Труды ГНБС». – 1976.–Т. 69. – С. 70 – 95.
26 Berüter J. Sugar accumulation and changes in the activities of related enzymes during development of the apple fruit. -// J. Plant Physiol. – 1985. – No 121. – P. 331-341.
27 Седова 3.А. Биологически активные вещества в плодах семечковых культур / 3. А. Седова, С. Е. Соколова, М. А. Макаркина // Садоводство и виноградарство. – 1991. - № 2. – С. 30–32.
28 Cкурихин, И.М. Химический состав пищевых продуктов. – М.: Пищевая промышленность, 1979. С. 117 – 247.
29 Сапожников Е.В. Пектиновые вещества плодов. – М.: Наука, 1965. – С.160 – 182.
30 Запрометов М.Н. Биохимия катехинов. – М.: Наука, 1963.– C. 20 – 25.
31 Скурихин И.М., Шатерников В.А. Как правильно питаться. – М.: Агропромиздат, 1985. – C. 180 – 239.
32 Седов Е.Н. Селекция и новые сорта яблони / Е.Н. Седов. – Орел: ВНИИСПК, 2011. – С. 300 – 624.
33 Дмитриев А. П. Сигнальные молекулы растений для активации защитных реакций в ответ на биотический стресс // Физиология растений. – 2003. – Т. 50, - № 4. – С. 465 – 474.
References
1 Ackermann J., Fischer M., Amadó R. (1992) Changes in sugars, acids and amino acids during ripening and storage of apples (cv. Glockenapfel). J. Agric. Food Chem., no 40, pp. 1131 – 1134.
2 Berüter J. (1985). Sugar accumulation and changes in the activities of related enzymes during development of the apple fruit. J. Plant Physiol., no121, pp. 331 – 341.
3 Dixon J. and Hewett E.W.(2000a) Factors affecting apple aroma and flavor volatile concentration: a review. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, no 28, pp. 155 – 173.
4 Djangaliev A.D. (1969) Himico-tehnologicheskaja harakterictica dikih jablok [Chemical-technological characteristic of wild apple]. Alma-Ata, pp. 13 – 21.
5 Djangaliev A.D. (1977) Dikaja jablonja Kazahstana [Wild apple of Kazakstan]. Alma-Ata: Nauka, pp. 110 – 226.
6 Djangaliev A.D. (2007) K itogam 60-letnih issledovaniji jablonevyh lesov Zailijiskogoi Dzhungarskogo Alatau [The results of 60-year research of apple forests in Ily and Dzhungar Alatay]. Tr. Mezhd. Nauchnoi konferencii, posvjashhennoi 75-letiu Instituta botaniki i fitointrodukcii (12-14 sentjabrja 2007g.). Rastitel’nyij mir i ego ohrana. Almaty, pp. 208-212.
7 Dmitriev A.P. (2003) Signal’nye molekuly rasteniji dlya aktivacii zashhitnyh reakciji v otvet na bioticheskiji stress [Signaling plant molecules to activate protective responses in response to biotic stress]. Fiziologija rasteniji. V. 50, no 4, pp. 465 – 474.
8 Ermakov A.I. i dr. (1972) Metody biohimicheskogo issledovanija rasteniji [Methods of Plant’s biological study], “Kolos”, Leningradskoe otdelenie, pp. 312 – 456.
9 Gibson L.J. (2012) The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials. J. Royal Soc., pp. 1-18.
10 Gudkovskiji V.A. (2005) Stress plodovyh rasteniji [Stress of fruit plants]. V.A. Gudkovskiji N.J., Kashirskaja E.M. Cukanova. Voronej: Kvarta, pp. 128 – 136.
11 Harborne J.B. (1980). Plants phenolics. In: E.A. Bell and B.V. Charlwood (eds.): Secondary Plant Products. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series Vol. 8. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp. 329-402.
12 Jenks M.A. and Bebeli, P. (Eds.). (2011) Breeding for fruit quality. John Wiley & Sons, pp. 173 – 200.
13 John K.M.M., Enkhtaivan G., Kim J.J., Kim D.H. (2014) Metabolic variation and antioxidant potential of Malus prumifolia (wild apple) comparied with high flavon-3-ol containing fruits (apple, grapes) and beverage (black tea). Food Chemistry, vol. 163, pp. 46 – 50.
14 Kriventsov V.I. (1976) K metodike opredelenija suhih veshhestv v obraztsah syroi rastitel’noi tkani[To the procedure for determining of dry substances in samples of raw plant tissue]. V sb. “Trudy GNBC”, no69, рр.70 – 95.
15 Lyon B.G, Robertson J.A, Meredith F.I. (1993) Sensory descriptive analysis of cv. Cresthaven peaches-maturity, ripening, and storage effects. Journal of Food Science. Vol. 58, pp. 171 – 181.
16 Otto D. (1999) Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: Ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides. Environ. Health perspect ed. D. Otto, M. Meier, S. Schlatter, J.Frischknecht, pp. 109 – 114.
17 Programma i metodika sortoizuchenia plodovyh, jagodnyh I orehoplodnyh kul’tur (1973) [Program and methodology of varietal studies of fruit, berry and nut plant cultures]. Pod obshheijredakcieji G.A. Lobanova. Michurinsk, pp. 268 – 275.
18 Samsonova A.N., Usheva V.B. (1990) Fruktovye I ovoshhnye soki (Tehnica I tehnologija) [Fruit and vegetable juices (machinery and technologies)]. Moskva: Agroprom, pp. 287.
19 Samsonova A.N. (1962) Proizvodstvofruktovo-jagodnych socov s mjacot’ji [Production of fruit and berry juices with pulp]. Moskva: Pishhevaja promyshlennost’, pp. 114 – 120.
20 Sapozhnikov E.V. (1965) Pektinovye veshhestva plodov [The Pectic Substances of Plants]. Moskva: Nauka, pp. 160 – 182.
21 Sedova Z.A. (1991) “Biologicheski aktivnye veshhestva v plodah semechcovyh cul’tur [Biological active substances in pome Plants]” in Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo, ed. Z.A. Sedova, S.E. Sokolova, M.A. Makarkina, no 2, pp. 30-32.
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Published
2018-08-16
How to Cite
Shadmanova, L., Mukanova, G., Sitpayeva, G., Sankaybayeva, A., & Smailova, M. (2018). Chemical-technological features of Malus sieversii clones in the Main Botanical Garden conditions. Experimental Biology, 75(2), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.26577/eb-2018-2-1325
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
