Analysis of organization of kazakh tribes in zhusez on the basis of the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/EB-2017-4-1304Keywords:
Kazakhs, ethnogenesis, Y-chromosome, haplogroup, haplotype.Abstract
The history of three Kazakh zhuzes formation is not fixed in written documents, what causes historians to create various versions about the reasons and date of this historic event. To investigate zhuzes structure we conducted comparative analysis of genetic diversity and analysis of molecular variation based on the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups among Kazakh tribes. Using two methods we have shown that zhuzes structure is only partially based on the kinship between the tribes within zhuzes. Great and Junior zhuzes comprises groups of related tribes. The Kanly, Srgeli and Ysty tribes stand apart from other tribes of the Great zhuz. In the Junior zhuz the Zhetyru tribe can be distinguished. The Middle zhuz was the most heterogeneous of three zhuzes, where each studied tribe can be regarded as the separate group, with the exception of the Kerei tribe, which has kinship with the group of tribes of the Great zhuz. According to AMOVA the division of the tribes into 9 or 10 groups is the most preferable for describing genetic relations of Kazakh tribes.
The obtained data will be useful for historians, ethnographers, population geneticists and other specialists dealing with the issue of Kazakhs ethnogenesis.
References
1. Abilev S., Malyarchuk B., Derenko M., Wozniak M., Grzybowski T., Zakharov I. The Y-chromosome C3* star-cluster attributed to Genghis Khan’s descendants is present at high frequency in the Kerey clan from Kazakhstan // Hum Biol.- 2012.- Vol.84.- P.79-89.
2. Athey T.W. Haplogroup Prediction from Y-STR Values Using an AlleleFrequency Approach // Journal of Genetic Genealogy.- 2005, Vol.1.- P.1-7.
3. Balanovsky O., Zhabagin M., Agdzhoyan A., et al. Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human YChromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers // PlosOne.- 2015.- Vol.10, №4.- e0122968.
4. Cai X., Qin Z., Wen B., Xu S., et al. Human migration through bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum revealed by Y chromosomes // PlosOne.- 2011.- Vol.6, №8.- e24282.
5. Di Cristofaro J., Pennarun E., Mazières S., et al. Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge // PlosOne.- 2013.- Vol.8, №10.- e76748.
6. Dulik M.C., Zhadanov S.I., Osipova L.P., et al. Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians // Am J Hum Genet.- 2012.- Vol.90, №3.- P.229-246.
7. Excoffier L., Laval G., Schneider S. Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis // Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online.- 2005.- Vol.1.- P.47-50.
8. Hammer M.F. A recent common ancestry for human Y chromosomes // Nature.- 1995.- Vol.378.- Р.376-378.
9. Hammer M.F., Zegura S.L. The human Y chromosome haplogroup tree: nomenclature and phylogeography of its major divisions // Annu Rev Anthropol.- 2002.- Vol.31.- Р.303-321.
10. Karafet T.M., Mendez F.L., Meilerman M.B., et al. New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree //Genome Res.- 2008.- Vol.18.- P.830-838.
11. Myres N.M., Rootsi S., Lin A.A., et al. A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe // Eur J Hum Genet.- 2011.- Vol.19, №1.- P.95-101.
12. Quintana-Murci L., Chaix R., Wells R.S., et al. Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor //Am J Hum Genet.- 2004.- Vol.74.- P.827-845.
13. Underhill P.A, Passarino G., Lin A.A., Shen P., Mirazón Lahr M., Foley R.A., Oefner P.J., Cavalli-Sforza L.L. The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations // Ann Hum Genet.- 2001.- Vol.65.- P.43-62.
14. Zhabagin M., Balanovska E., Sabitov Zh., et al. The Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana // Scientific Reports.- 2017.- Vol.7.- e0122968.
15. Zhivotovsky L.A., Underhill P.A., Cinnioglu C. et al. On the effective mutation rate at Y-chromosome STRs with application to human population divergence time // Am J Hum Genet.- 2004.- Vol.74.- Р.50-61.
16. Акимбеков С.М. Формула трех // Эксперт Казахстан.- 2011.- №21.- C.21-23.
17. Алпысбес М. Шежире казахов: источники и традиции.- Астана, 2013.- 240 с.
18. Аристов Н.А. Заметки об этническом составе тюрских племен и народностей и сведения об их численности.- СПб.: тип. С.Н. Худекова, 1897.- 182 с.
19. Аширбеков Е.Е., Ботбаев Д.М., Белкожаев А.М., Абайлдаев А.О., Неупокоева А.С., Мухатаев Ж.Е., Алжанулы Б., Шарафутдинова Д.А., Мукушкина Д.Д., Рахымгожин М.Б., Хансеитова А.К., Лимборская С.А., Айтхожина Н.А. Распределение гаплогрупп Y-хромосомы казахов Южно-Казахстанской, Жамбылской и Алматинской областей // Доклады НАН РК.- 2017.- №6.- С.25-30.
20. Востров В.В., Муканов М.С. Родоплеменной состав и расселение казахов (конец XIX – начало XX вв.).- Алма-Ата,1968.- 165 с.
21. Гумилев Л.Н. Древняя Русь и Великая степь.- М.: Мысль, 1989.- 766 с.
22. Жабагин М.К., Дибирова Х.Д., Фролова С.А., и др. Связь изменчивости Y хромосомы и родовой структуры: генофонд степной аристократии и духовенства казахов // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII Антропология.- 2014.- №1.- C.96-101.
23. Исмагулов О. Этническая антропология Казахстана: соматологическое исследование.- Алма-ата: Наука Казахской ССР, 1982.- 256 c.
24. Степанов В.А., Харьков В.Н., Пузырев В.П. Эволюция и филогеография линий Y-хромосомы человека // Вестник ВОГиС.- 2006.- №1.- С. 57-73.
25. Темиргалиев Р. Из истории казахского триединства. К вопросу о возникновении жузов // http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1210748460, 2008.
References
1. Abilev S., Malyarchuk B., Derenko M., Wozniak M., Grzybowski T., Zakharov I. (2012) The Y-chromosome C3* star-cluster attributed to Genghis Khan’s descendants is present at high frequency in the Kerey clan from Kazakhstan. Hum Biol., vol.84, pp.79-89.
2. Athey T.W. (2005) Haplogroup Prediction from Y-STR Values Using an AlleleFrequency Approach. Journal of Genetic Genealogy, vol.1, pp.1-7.
3. Balanovsky O., Zhabagin M., Agdzhoyan A., et al. (2015) Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human YChromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers. PlosOne, vol.10, no.4, e0122968.
4. Cai X., Qin Z., Wen B., Xu S., et al. (2011) Human migration through bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum revealed by Y chromosomes. PlosOne, vol.6, no.8, e24282.
5. Di Cristofaro J., Pennarun E., Mazières S., et al. (2013) Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge. PlosOne, vol.8, no.10, e76748.
6. Dulik M.C., Zhadanov S.I., Osipova L.P., et al. (2012) Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians. Am J Hum Genet., vol.90, no.3, pp.229-246.
7. Excoffier L., Laval G., Schneider S. (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, vol.1, pp.47-50.
8. Hammer M.F. (1995) A recent common ancestry for human Y chromosomes. Nature, vol.378, pp.376-378.
9. Hammer M.F., Zegura S.L. (2002) The human Y chromosome haplogroup tree: nomenclature and phylogeography of its major divisions. Annu Rev Anthropol., vol.31, pp.303-321.
10. Karafet T.M., Mendez F.L., Meilerman M.B., et al. (2008) New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree. Genome Res., vol.18, pp.830-838.
11. Myres N.M., Rootsi S., Lin A.A., et al. (2011) A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe. Eur J Hum Genet., vol.19, no.1, pp.95-101.
12. Quintana-Murci L., Chaix R., Wells R.S., et al. (2004) Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor. Am J Hum Genet., vol.74, pp.827-845.
13. Underhill P.A, Passarino G., Lin A.A., Shen P., Mirazón Lahr M., Foley R.A., Oefner P.J., Cavalli-Sforza L.L. (2001) The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations. Ann Hum Genet., vol.65, pp.43-62.
14. Zhabagin M., Balanovska E., Sabitov Zh., et al. (2017) The Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana. Scientific Reports, vol.7, e0122968.
15. Zhivotovsky L.A., Underhill P.A., Cinnioglu C. et al. (2004) On the effective mutation rate at Y-chromosome STRs with application to human population divergence time. Am J Hum Genet., vol.74, pp.50-61.
16. Akimbekov S.M. (2011) Formula trekh [Formula of three]. Ekspert Kazakhstan, no.21, pp.21-23.
17. Alpysbes M. Shezhire kazakhov: istochniki i traditsii [Shezhire of Kazakhs: sources and traditions]. Astana, 2013, pp.240.
18. Aristov N.A. Zametki ob etnicheskom sostave tiurskikh plemen i narodnostei i svedeniia ob ikh chislennosti [Notes on ethnic composition of türkic tribes and Nations and information on their number]. SPb.: tip. S.N. Khudekova, 1897, pp.182.
19. Ashirbekov E.E., Botbaev D.M., Belkozhaev A.M., Abayldaev A.O., Neupokoeva A.S., Mukhataev J.E., Alzhanuly B., Sharafutdinova D.A., Mukushkina D.D., Rakhymgozhin M.B., Khanseitova A.K., Limborska S.A., Aytkhozhina N.A. (2017) Raspredelenie gaplogrupp Y-khromosomy kazakhov Iuzhno-Kazakhstanskoi, Zhambylskoi i Almatinskoi oblastei [Distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups of Kazakh from the South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and Almaty regions]. Doklady NAN RK, no.6, pp.25-30.
20. Vostrov V.V., Mukanov M.S. Rodoplemennoi sostav i rasselenie kazakhov (konets XIX – nachalo XX vv.) [Clan-tribal structure and resettlement of Kazakhs (late XIX – early XX centuries)]. Alma-Ata, 1968, 165 p.
21. Gumilev L.N. Drevniaia Rus' i Velikaia step' [Ancient Rus and the Great steppe]. M.: Mysl’, 1989, pp.766.
22. Zhabagin M.K., Dibirova H.D., Frolova S.A., et al. (2014) Sviaz' izmenchivosti Y khromosomy i rodovoi struktury: genofond stepnoi aristokratii i dukhovenstva kazakhov [The relationship of the variability of the Y chromosome and family structure: the gene pool of steppe aristocracy and clergy of the Kazakhs]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriia XXIII Antropologiia, no.1, pp.96-101.
23. Ismagulov O. Etnicheskaia antropologiia Kazakhstana: somatologicheskoe issledovanie [Ethnic anthropology of Kazakhstan: somatological study]. Nauka Kazakhskoi SSR, 1982, pp.256.
24. Stepanov V.A., Kharkov, V.N., Puzyrev V.P. (2006) Evoliutsiia i filogeografiia linii Y-khromosomy cheloveka [The Evolution and phylogeography of human Y-chromosome line]. Vestnik VOGiS, no.1, pp.57-73.
25. Temirgaliev R. Iz istorii kazakhskogo triedinstva. K voprosu o vozniknovenii zhuzov [From the history of the Kazakh Trinity. The question of the emergence of zhuzes]. http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1210748460, 2008.
2. Athey T.W. Haplogroup Prediction from Y-STR Values Using an AlleleFrequency Approach // Journal of Genetic Genealogy.- 2005, Vol.1.- P.1-7.
3. Balanovsky O., Zhabagin M., Agdzhoyan A., et al. Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human YChromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers // PlosOne.- 2015.- Vol.10, №4.- e0122968.
4. Cai X., Qin Z., Wen B., Xu S., et al. Human migration through bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum revealed by Y chromosomes // PlosOne.- 2011.- Vol.6, №8.- e24282.
5. Di Cristofaro J., Pennarun E., Mazières S., et al. Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge // PlosOne.- 2013.- Vol.8, №10.- e76748.
6. Dulik M.C., Zhadanov S.I., Osipova L.P., et al. Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians // Am J Hum Genet.- 2012.- Vol.90, №3.- P.229-246.
7. Excoffier L., Laval G., Schneider S. Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis // Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online.- 2005.- Vol.1.- P.47-50.
8. Hammer M.F. A recent common ancestry for human Y chromosomes // Nature.- 1995.- Vol.378.- Р.376-378.
9. Hammer M.F., Zegura S.L. The human Y chromosome haplogroup tree: nomenclature and phylogeography of its major divisions // Annu Rev Anthropol.- 2002.- Vol.31.- Р.303-321.
10. Karafet T.M., Mendez F.L., Meilerman M.B., et al. New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree //Genome Res.- 2008.- Vol.18.- P.830-838.
11. Myres N.M., Rootsi S., Lin A.A., et al. A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe // Eur J Hum Genet.- 2011.- Vol.19, №1.- P.95-101.
12. Quintana-Murci L., Chaix R., Wells R.S., et al. Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor //Am J Hum Genet.- 2004.- Vol.74.- P.827-845.
13. Underhill P.A, Passarino G., Lin A.A., Shen P., Mirazón Lahr M., Foley R.A., Oefner P.J., Cavalli-Sforza L.L. The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations // Ann Hum Genet.- 2001.- Vol.65.- P.43-62.
14. Zhabagin M., Balanovska E., Sabitov Zh., et al. The Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana // Scientific Reports.- 2017.- Vol.7.- e0122968.
15. Zhivotovsky L.A., Underhill P.A., Cinnioglu C. et al. On the effective mutation rate at Y-chromosome STRs with application to human population divergence time // Am J Hum Genet.- 2004.- Vol.74.- Р.50-61.
16. Акимбеков С.М. Формула трех // Эксперт Казахстан.- 2011.- №21.- C.21-23.
17. Алпысбес М. Шежире казахов: источники и традиции.- Астана, 2013.- 240 с.
18. Аристов Н.А. Заметки об этническом составе тюрских племен и народностей и сведения об их численности.- СПб.: тип. С.Н. Худекова, 1897.- 182 с.
19. Аширбеков Е.Е., Ботбаев Д.М., Белкожаев А.М., Абайлдаев А.О., Неупокоева А.С., Мухатаев Ж.Е., Алжанулы Б., Шарафутдинова Д.А., Мукушкина Д.Д., Рахымгожин М.Б., Хансеитова А.К., Лимборская С.А., Айтхожина Н.А. Распределение гаплогрупп Y-хромосомы казахов Южно-Казахстанской, Жамбылской и Алматинской областей // Доклады НАН РК.- 2017.- №6.- С.25-30.
20. Востров В.В., Муканов М.С. Родоплеменной состав и расселение казахов (конец XIX – начало XX вв.).- Алма-Ата,1968.- 165 с.
21. Гумилев Л.Н. Древняя Русь и Великая степь.- М.: Мысль, 1989.- 766 с.
22. Жабагин М.К., Дибирова Х.Д., Фролова С.А., и др. Связь изменчивости Y хромосомы и родовой структуры: генофонд степной аристократии и духовенства казахов // Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII Антропология.- 2014.- №1.- C.96-101.
23. Исмагулов О. Этническая антропология Казахстана: соматологическое исследование.- Алма-ата: Наука Казахской ССР, 1982.- 256 c.
24. Степанов В.А., Харьков В.Н., Пузырев В.П. Эволюция и филогеография линий Y-хромосомы человека // Вестник ВОГиС.- 2006.- №1.- С. 57-73.
25. Темиргалиев Р. Из истории казахского триединства. К вопросу о возникновении жузов // http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1210748460, 2008.
References
1. Abilev S., Malyarchuk B., Derenko M., Wozniak M., Grzybowski T., Zakharov I. (2012) The Y-chromosome C3* star-cluster attributed to Genghis Khan’s descendants is present at high frequency in the Kerey clan from Kazakhstan. Hum Biol., vol.84, pp.79-89.
2. Athey T.W. (2005) Haplogroup Prediction from Y-STR Values Using an AlleleFrequency Approach. Journal of Genetic Genealogy, vol.1, pp.1-7.
3. Balanovsky O., Zhabagin M., Agdzhoyan A., et al. (2015) Deep Phylogenetic Analysis of Haplogroup G1 Provides Estimates of SNP and STR Mutation Rates on the Human YChromosome and Reveals Migrations of Iranic Speakers. PlosOne, vol.10, no.4, e0122968.
4. Cai X., Qin Z., Wen B., Xu S., et al. (2011) Human migration through bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum revealed by Y chromosomes. PlosOne, vol.6, no.8, e24282.
5. Di Cristofaro J., Pennarun E., Mazières S., et al. (2013) Afghan Hindu Kush: where Eurasian sub-continent gene flows converge. PlosOne, vol.8, no.10, e76748.
6. Dulik M.C., Zhadanov S.I., Osipova L.P., et al. (2012) Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians. Am J Hum Genet., vol.90, no.3, pp.229-246.
7. Excoffier L., Laval G., Schneider S. (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, vol.1, pp.47-50.
8. Hammer M.F. (1995) A recent common ancestry for human Y chromosomes. Nature, vol.378, pp.376-378.
9. Hammer M.F., Zegura S.L. (2002) The human Y chromosome haplogroup tree: nomenclature and phylogeography of its major divisions. Annu Rev Anthropol., vol.31, pp.303-321.
10. Karafet T.M., Mendez F.L., Meilerman M.B., et al. (2008) New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree. Genome Res., vol.18, pp.830-838.
11. Myres N.M., Rootsi S., Lin A.A., et al. (2011) A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe. Eur J Hum Genet., vol.19, no.1, pp.95-101.
12. Quintana-Murci L., Chaix R., Wells R.S., et al. (2004) Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor. Am J Hum Genet., vol.74, pp.827-845.
13. Underhill P.A, Passarino G., Lin A.A., Shen P., Mirazón Lahr M., Foley R.A., Oefner P.J., Cavalli-Sforza L.L. (2001) The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations. Ann Hum Genet., vol.65, pp.43-62.
14. Zhabagin M., Balanovska E., Sabitov Zh., et al. (2017) The Connection of the Genetic, Cultural and Geographic Landscapes of Transoxiana. Scientific Reports, vol.7, e0122968.
15. Zhivotovsky L.A., Underhill P.A., Cinnioglu C. et al. (2004) On the effective mutation rate at Y-chromosome STRs with application to human population divergence time. Am J Hum Genet., vol.74, pp.50-61.
16. Akimbekov S.M. (2011) Formula trekh [Formula of three]. Ekspert Kazakhstan, no.21, pp.21-23.
17. Alpysbes M. Shezhire kazakhov: istochniki i traditsii [Shezhire of Kazakhs: sources and traditions]. Astana, 2013, pp.240.
18. Aristov N.A. Zametki ob etnicheskom sostave tiurskikh plemen i narodnostei i svedeniia ob ikh chislennosti [Notes on ethnic composition of türkic tribes and Nations and information on their number]. SPb.: tip. S.N. Khudekova, 1897, pp.182.
19. Ashirbekov E.E., Botbaev D.M., Belkozhaev A.M., Abayldaev A.O., Neupokoeva A.S., Mukhataev J.E., Alzhanuly B., Sharafutdinova D.A., Mukushkina D.D., Rakhymgozhin M.B., Khanseitova A.K., Limborska S.A., Aytkhozhina N.A. (2017) Raspredelenie gaplogrupp Y-khromosomy kazakhov Iuzhno-Kazakhstanskoi, Zhambylskoi i Almatinskoi oblastei [Distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups of Kazakh from the South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and Almaty regions]. Doklady NAN RK, no.6, pp.25-30.
20. Vostrov V.V., Mukanov M.S. Rodoplemennoi sostav i rasselenie kazakhov (konets XIX – nachalo XX vv.) [Clan-tribal structure and resettlement of Kazakhs (late XIX – early XX centuries)]. Alma-Ata, 1968, 165 p.
21. Gumilev L.N. Drevniaia Rus' i Velikaia step' [Ancient Rus and the Great steppe]. M.: Mysl’, 1989, pp.766.
22. Zhabagin M.K., Dibirova H.D., Frolova S.A., et al. (2014) Sviaz' izmenchivosti Y khromosomy i rodovoi struktury: genofond stepnoi aristokratii i dukhovenstva kazakhov [The relationship of the variability of the Y chromosome and family structure: the gene pool of steppe aristocracy and clergy of the Kazakhs]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriia XXIII Antropologiia, no.1, pp.96-101.
23. Ismagulov O. Etnicheskaia antropologiia Kazakhstana: somatologicheskoe issledovanie [Ethnic anthropology of Kazakhstan: somatological study]. Nauka Kazakhskoi SSR, 1982, pp.256.
24. Stepanov V.A., Kharkov, V.N., Puzyrev V.P. (2006) Evoliutsiia i filogeografiia linii Y-khromosomy cheloveka [The Evolution and phylogeography of human Y-chromosome line]. Vestnik VOGiS, no.1, pp.57-73.
25. Temirgaliev R. Iz istorii kazakhskogo triedinstva. K voprosu o vozniknovenii zhuzov [From the history of the Kazakh Trinity. The question of the emergence of zhuzes]. http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1210748460, 2008.
Downloads
How to Cite
Ashirbekov, E., Botbaev, D., Belkozhaev, A., Abayldaev, A., Mukhataev, Z., Alzhanuly, B., Limborska, S., & Aitkhozhina, N. (2018). Analysis of organization of kazakh tribes in zhusez on the basis of the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups. Experimental Biology, 73(4), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.26577/EB-2017-4-1304
Issue
Section
МOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
