Toxic and mutagenic effect of biologically active substances from Limonium gmelinii (family Plumbaginaceae ( Limoniaceae Lincz.)
Keywords:
biologically active substances, mutagenic, chromosome aberrations, Limonium gmelinii, metaphase.Abstract
It was obtained biologically active substances (BAS) of the underground and above-ground parts of plants Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze (family Plumbaginaceae). Purity indicators (moisture, total ash); extractive substance indicators by different polarities solvents, amino acid and fatty acid composition from Limonium gmelinii was determined. The maim groups of biologically active substances was identified using one- and Two Dimensional Techniques in Paper Chromatography, thin layer chromatographic separation. Comparative analysis of quantitative data on the content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the underground and above-ground parts of Limonium gmelinii shows commensurability in them tannins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, coumarin, carotenoids and saponin. The results indicate the feasibility of a comprehensive study of these plants as a whole, which is advantageous from an economic point of view. Thereby it have possibility of using both above-ground and underground parts of the test plants. The highest content of different tannins and oxidized forms of flavonoids, structural features which are quite similar and so they are synergistic by physiological action. This combination of two important groups of biologically active agents will provide the pharmacological activity of the test plants and allocated based on these substances. Toxic and mutagenic effects of biologically active substances from the above-ground and below-ground parts of plants Limonium gmelinii was studied by barley seed germination test and barley root tip chromosome aberration assay. It is found that the biologically active substances in the concentrations (25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l) had no phytotoxic and mutagenic action .Barley seed was treated with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances from the underground and above-ground parts of Limonium gmelinii at all concentrations. This treatment did not reduce their germinating ability of seeds as compared to control plants grown in distilled water. Germination of seeds treated with aqueous solutions of mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, classical mutagen) at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 mg / L, was 86.73% and 74.33%, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that the germination of seeds treated with the concentrations of MMS, respectively, fell 1.08 (not statistically significant) and 1,26 (p<0.01) times as compared with the control. The frequency of structural chromosome aberrations and the number of chromosomal aberrations per 100 metaphases in root tip cells of barley seeds treated with aqueous solutions of biologically active substances, did not significantly differ from untreated seeds. At the same time, the classical mutagen methyl methanesulfonate, using as a positive control, increased the studied parameters in several times not only compared with the control, but also the seeds treated with aquatic solutions of the biologically active substances.
References
2 Natarajan AT, Obe G, Hayashi M, Ikushima T (2002) Chromosomal aberrations: perspectives for the 21st Century, Mutation Research: Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 504 (1-2): 1-2. DOI: 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00074-X.
3 González M., Soloneski S., Reigosa M.A., Larramendy M.L (2003) Effect of dithiocarbamate pesticide zineb and its commercial formulation, azzurro. IV. DNA damage and repair kinetics assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Mutation Research: Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 534 (1-2): 145-154. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00257-7.
4 Xia X (2008) The cost of wobble translation in fungal mitochondrial genomes: integration of two traditional hypotheses, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8: 211. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-211.
5 Васильева ИМ, Шагирова ЖМ, Синельщикова ТА, Мавлетова ДА, Кузьмина НС, Засухина ГД (2009) Защита радиочувствительных клеток человека от воздействия тяжелых металлов антимутагенами и адаптирующими факторами. Связь с генетическим и белковым полиморфизмом, Генетика, 45 (6): 753-757. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795409060040.
6 Гончарова РИ, Кужир ТД (2005) Молекулярные основы применения антимутагенов в качестве антиканцерогенов, Экологическая генетика, 3 (3): 19-32.
7 Uzun F, Kalender S, Durak D, Demir F, Kalender Y (2007) Malathion-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of vitamins C and E, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47 (8): 1903-1908. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.001.
8 Liu W, Di Giorgio C, Lamidi M, Elias R, Ollivier E, De Meo MP (2011) Genotoxic and clastogenic activity of saponins extracted from Nauclea bark as assessed by the micronucleus and the comet assays in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137: 176 – 183. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.005.
9 Edziri H, Mastouri M, Mahjoub A, Anthonissen R, Mertens B, Cammaerts S, Gevaert L, Verschaeve L (2011) Toxic and mutagenic properties of extracts from Tunisian traditional medicinal plants investigated by the neutral red uptake, VITOTOX and alkaline comet assays, South African Journal of Botany, 77: 703–710. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.007.
10 Kalantari H, Galehdari H, Zaree Z, Gesztelyi R, Varga B, Haines D, Bombicz M, Tosaki A, Juhasz B (2013) Toxicological and mutagenic analysis of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) extract, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 51: 26–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.052.
11 Timothy O, Idu M, Olorunfemi DI, Ovuakporie-Uvo O (2014) Cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of leaf extract of Icacina trichantha Oliv., South African Journal of Botany, 91: 71–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.11.008.
12 Гераськин СА, Сарапульцева ЕА (2010) Биологический контроль окружающей среды. Генетический мониторинг. Академия, Москва, Россия. ISBN: 978-5-7695-6536-6.
13 ГОСТ 24027.2-80 Сырье лекарственное растительное. Методы определения влажности, содержания золы, экстрактивных и дубильных веществ, эфирного масла, Лекарственное растительное сырье. Часть 2. Корни, плоды, сырье. Москва, Россия, 1999.
14 Государственная фармакопея Республики Казахстан. Т 1. Жибек жолы, Алматы, Казахстан, 2008.
15 Худолей ВВ (1999) Канцерогены: характеристики, закономерности, механизмы действия. НИИ Химии СПбГУ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. ISBN: 5-7997-0170-4.
16 Немцева ЛС (1970) Метафазный метод учета перестроек хромосом. Наука, Москва, Россия.
17 Гончарова Р, Кужир Т, Рябоконь Н (2010) Антимутагены на благо здоровья, Наука и инновации, 4: 25-30.
18 Chen K-H, Wang, K-J, Wang K-M, Adrian AM (2014) Applying Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Decision Tree Classifier for Cancer Classification on Gene Expression Data, Applied Soft Computing, 24: 773-780. DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.08.032.
References
1 Kurliandskii BA, Filova VA (2002) General Toxicology [Obshchaia toksikologiia]. Meditsina, Moscow, Russia. ISBN: 5-225-04609-6. (In Russian).
2 Natarajan AT, Obe G, Hayashi M, Ikushima T (2002) Chromosomal aberrations: perspectives for the 21st Century, Mutation Research: Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 504 (1-2): 1-2. DOI: 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00074-X.
3 González M., Soloneski S., Reigosa M.A., Larramendy M.L (2003) Effect of dithiocarbamate pesticide zineb and its commercial formulation, azzurro. IV. DNA damage and repair kinetics assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Mutation Research: Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 534 (1-2): 145-154. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00257-7.
4 Xia X (2008) The cost of wobble translation in fungal mitochondrial genomes: integration of two traditional hypotheses, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8: 211. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-211.
5 Vasilyeva IM, Shagirova ZhM, Sinelshikova TA, Mavletova DA, Kuzmina NS, Zasukhina GD (2009) Protection of radiosensitive human cells against the action of heavy metals by antimutagens and adapting factors: Assotiation with genetic and protein polymorphisms, Russian Journal of Genetics, 45 (6): 659-662. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795409060040.
6 Goncharova RI, Kuzhir TD (2005) Molecular basis of applying antimutagens as anticarcinogens [Molekuliarnye osnovy primeneniia antimutagenov v kachestve antikantserogenov], Ekologicheskaia genetika, 3 (3): 19-32. (In Russian)
7 Uzun F, Kalender S, Durak D, Demir F, Kalender Y (2007) Malathion-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of vitamins C and E, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47 (8): 1903-1908. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.001.
8 Liu W, Di Giorgio C, Lamidi M, Elias R, Ollivier E, De Meo MP (2011) Genotoxic and clastogenic activity of saponins extracted from Nauclea bark as assessed by the micronucleus and the comet assays in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137: 176 – 183. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.005.
9 Edziri H, Mastouri M, Mahjoub A, Anthonissen R, Mertens B, Cammaerts S, Gevaert L, Verschaeve L (2011) Toxic and mutagenic properties of extracts from Tunisian traditional medicinal plants investigated by the neutral red uptake, VITOTOX and alkaline comet assays, South African Journal of Botany, 77: 703–710. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2011.03.007.
10 Kalantari H, Galehdari H, Zaree Z, Gesztelyi R, Varga B, Haines D, Bombicz M, Tosaki A, Juhasz B (2013) Toxicological and mutagenic analysis of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) extract, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 51: 26–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.052.
11 Timothy O, Idu M, Olorunfemi DI, Ovuakporie-Uvo O (2014) Cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of leaf extract of Icacina trichantha Oliv., South African Journal of Botany, 91: 71–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.11.008.
12 Geras'kin SA, Sarapul'tseva EA (2010) Biological control of environment. Genetic monitoring [Biologicheskii kontrol' okruzhaiushchei sredy. Geneticheskii monitoring]. Akademiia, Моscow, Russia. ISBN: 978-5-7695-6536-6. (In Russian).
13 GOST 24027.2-80 Medicinal plant raw. Methods for determination of moisture, ash, extractives and tannins, essential oil, medicinal plant raw materials. Part 2: The roots, fruits, raw. [GOST 24027.2-80 Syr'e lekarstvennoe rastitel'noe. Metody opredeleniia vlazhnosti, soderzhaniia zoly, ekstraktivnykh i dubil'nykh veshchestv, efirnogo masla, Lekarstvennoe rastitel'noe syr'e. Chast' 2. Korni, plody, syr'e]. Мoscow, Russia, 1999. (In Russian).
14 State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. V. 1 [Gosudarstvennaia farmakopeia Respubliki Kazakhstan. T 1]. Zhibek zholy, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2008. (In Russian).
15 Khudolei VV (1999) Carcinogens: Characteristics, patterns, mechanisms of action [Kantserogeny: kharakteristiki, zakonomernosti, mekhanizmy deistviia]. NII Khimii SPbGU, St. Petersburg, Russia. ISBN: 5-7997-0170-4. (In Russian).
16 Nemtseva LS (1970) Metaphase method of accounting for chromosome rearrangements [Metafaznyi metod ucheta perestroek khromosom]. Nauka, Moscow, Russia. (In Russian).
17 Goncharova R, Kuzhir T, Riabokon' N (2010) Antimutagens for health [Antimutageny na blago zdorov'ia], Nauka i innovatsii, 4: 25-30. (In Russian).
18 Chen K-H, Wang, K-J, Wang K-M, Adrian AM (2014) Applying Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Decision Tree Classifier for Cancer Classification on Gene Expression Data, Applied Soft Computing, 24: 773-780. DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.08.032.
