ZFET (Zebrafish embryo toxicity test) as a model test for determination of heavy metals embryo toxicity
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Keywords:
Danio rerio, embryos, embryo toxicity, heavy metals,Abstract
ZFET (Zebrafish embryo toxicity test) is established by OECD as a mandatory step for testing the toxicity of water pollutants and manufacturing sewage waters. Test is based on 72 h exposure of Danio rerio embryos in vitro to testing chemical (heavy metals in current study) and subsequent analysis of embryos mortality and malformations. As the result of present investigation it was shown the dose-dependent embryolethal but not teratogenic effect of CdSO4. Concentration of 3,5х10-5М CdSO4 may be considered as minimal 100% lethal concentration for 3 h exposition. Maximum embryos death by 24 hpf was the result of deep life-incompatible malformations and subsequent embryos coagulation. Survived embryos showed no significant signs of abnormality and developed normally. At the same time Pb(CH3COO)2 in studied concentrations acted as disruptor of normal embryogenesis, however there was no embryo lethal effect observed. Approximately 80% of embryos exposed to 8,125х10-3М and 812,5х10-3М Pb(CH3COO)2 showed signs of scoliosis, accompanied by tail tip malformations covering an average 40% of exposed embryos. It is also possible that observed negative effects of lead are the result of increased chorion permeability and alteration of water and salt balance in embryo. Based on the results of experiments it was concluded that cadmium is considered to be highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, dose comparison testify the threefold degree cadmium toxicity to zebrafish embryos comparing with lead.References
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16. Yin J, Yang J et al (2014) Individual and joint toxic effects of cadmium sulfate and α-naphthoflavone on the development of zebrafish embryo, J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol), 15(9):766-775
17. Wang H, Liang Y et al (2013) Acute Toxicity, Respiratory Reaction, and Sensitivity of Three Cyprinid Fish Species Caused by Exposure to Four Heavy Metals, PLOS ONE, 6 | e65282
2. Wael AO, Khalid H.Z et al. (2013) Risk assessment and toxic effects of metal pollution in two cultured and wild fish species from highly degraded aquatic habitats, Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 65:753–764
3. Braunbeck Th, Bottcher M et al. (2005) Towards an alternative for the acute fish LC50 test in chemical assessment: the fish embryo toxicity test goes multi-species – an update, ALTEX, 22:87 – 102
4. Truong L, Harper S.L, Tanguay RL (2011) Evaluation of embryotoxicity using the zebrafish model, Methods Mol Biol, 691:271-279
5. OECD (2012) Series on Testing and Assessment No. 179 Validation Report (PHASE 2) For The Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test. ENV/JM/MONO (2012)25.
6. Busquet F, Nagel R et al (2008) Development of a new screening assay to identify proteratogenic substances using zebrafish Danio rerio embryo combined with an exogeneous mammalian metabolic system (mDarT), Toxicological sciences, 104(1):177 – 188.
7. Kimmel CB et al (1995) Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish, Developmental dynamics, 203:253-310
8. Nagel R (2002) DarT. The embryo test with zebrafish Danio rerio - a general model in ecotoxicology and toxicology, ALTEX, 19:38-48
9. Braunbeck T, Lamer E (2006) Fish embryo toxicity assays. UBA Contrct Number 203 85 422. University of Heidelberg, Germany
10. Hill AJ, Teraoka H et al. (2005) Zebrafish as a model vertebrate for investigating chemical toxicity, Toxicological sciences, 86(1):6-19
11. Kirsten Henn (2011) Limits of the fish embryo toxicity test with Danio rerio as an alternative to the acute fish toxicity test. Dissertation submitted to the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences University of Heidelberg, Germany
12. Jaishankar M, Tseten T, Anbalagan N et al (2014) Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals, Interdiscip Toxicol, 7(2):60–72.
13. Kondera E, Ługowska K, Sarnowski P (2014) High affinity of cadmium and copper to head kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), Fish Physiol Biochem, 40:9–22
14. Carginale V, Scudiero R et al (1998) Cadmium-induced differential accumulation of metallothionein isoforms in the Antarctic icefish, which exhibits no basal metallothionein protein but high endogenous mRNA levels, Biochem. J, 332:475-481
15. Dian Gao, Zhen’e Xu (2013) Cadmium Induces Liver Cell Apoptosis through Caspase- 3A Activation in Purse Red Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), PLOS ONE, 12, | e83423
16. Yin J, Yang J et al (2014) Individual and joint toxic effects of cadmium sulfate and α-naphthoflavone on the development of zebrafish embryo, J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol), 15(9):766-775
17. Wang H, Liang Y et al (2013) Acute Toxicity, Respiratory Reaction, and Sensitivity of Three Cyprinid Fish Species Caused by Exposure to Four Heavy Metals, PLOS ONE, 6 | e65282
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Suvorova, M., Zharkova, I., Sutuyeva, L., & Ondasynova, A. (2016). ZFET (Zebrafish embryo toxicity test) as a model test for determination of heavy metals embryo toxicity. Experimental Biology, 66(1), 68–76. Retrieved from https://bb.kaznu.kz/index.php/biology/article/view/1162
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HUMAN AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
