Интродукция Казахстанских видов Ирисов
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577//eb.2020.v83.i2.02Аннотация
По разным источникам во флоре Казахстана встречается 19 (22) видов с 3 редкими видами (Iris alberti Regel, I. ludwigii Maxim, I. tigridia Bunge), из которых I. ludwigii, I. Alberti являются эндемичными. В народной медицине применяются 8 видов. Большая часть дикорастущих ирисов произрастает на юго-востоке Казахстана в различных экологических условиях, где они встречаются от предгорий и склонов гор Джунгарского Алатау и Северного Тянь-Шаня до пустынной территории Балхаш-Алакольской котловины.
Нами изучались интродуцируемые виды рода Iris L., привлеченные в 2015–2019 годы живыми растениями из естественных местообитаний (предгорья Заилийского Алатау, Южное Прибалхашье), а также семенами по делектусному обмену, с целью восстановления коллекции видов рода Iris L. на участке лекарственных растений, изучения особенностей их сезонного развития, плодоношения и возможностей семенного размножения в условиях мелкоделяночного культивирования на территории ГБС.
При исследованиях использовались общепринятые интродукционные методы с небольшими их модификациями применительно к местным условиям.
В результате исследований установлено, что испытываемые виды ирисов хорошо переносят транслокацию. Все 4 вида, перенесенные в культуру корневищами, проходят нормальный цикл фенологического развития, цветут, 2 вида регулярно дают полноценные семена.
Семенное размножение дикорастущих ирисов дает крайне низкие результаты, которые еще более усугубляются растянутым по годам циклом прорастания сеянцев, что опять-таки подтверждает вышеприведенные литературные данные об их низком потенциале семенного размножения. В то же время, некоторые опробованные нами варианты предпосевной обработки дают основание предполагать перспективность отработки более эффективных способов семенного размножения ирисов.
Ключевые слова: ирисы, интродукция, Казахстан.
Библиографические ссылки
1 Flora Kazakhstana (1958), – vol. 2, – pp. 233–246. (1961) Alma-Ata, vol. 5, pp. 496–497.
2 Abdulina S.A. (1999) Spisok sosudistykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [List of vascular plants in Kazakhstan] pod
redaktsiyey R.V. Kamelina. – Almaty, pp. 106–107.
3 Baitenov M.S. (2001) Flora of Kazakhstan in 2 vol. Generic complex of flora. – Almaty: Gylym, vol. 2, p. 54.
4 Krasnaya kniga Kazakhstana (2014) [The Red Book of Kazakhstan]. Izd. 2–ye, pererabotannoye
dopolnennoye – vol. 2. – Rasteniya (koll. avtorov). – Astana. – ТОО «АртPrintXXI», pp. 335–337.
5 L.M. Grudzinskaya, N. G. Gemejiyeva, N. V. Nelina, ZH. ZH. Karzhaubekova (2014) Annotirovannyy spisok
lekarstvennykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [Annotated list of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan] /Spravochnoye izdaniye. Almaty, pp. 86–87.
6 Alekseyeva N.B. (2003) Itogi introduktsii vidov Iris L. (Iridaceae) flory Rossii i perspektivy ispol'zovaniya [Results of the introduction of species of Iris L. (Iridaceae) of the flora of Russia and prospects for use]. Sbornik statey botanicheskikh issledovaniy v Aziatskoy Rossii. Barnaul, vol. 3, pp. 137–138.
7 Alekseyeva N.B. Istoriya introduktsii dikorastushchikh vidov Iris (Iridaceae) flory Rossii. [History of introduction of wild species of Iris (Iridaceae) from flora of Russia]. (accessed: https://www.binran.ru/files/publications/Proceedings/Proceedings – 300 – years).
8 Abdel Nasser B. Singab, Iriny M. Ayoub, Mohamed El-Shazly, Michal Korinek, Tung-Ying Wu, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Yang-Chang Wu. (DEC 15. 2016) Shedding the light on Iridaceae: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Industrial crop and products, vol. 92, pp. 308–335.
9 Roger B., Jeannot V., Fernandez S., Cerantola J. (sep-oct. 2012) Characterisation and Quantification of Flavonoids in Iris germanica L. and Iris pallida Lam. Resinoids from Morocco. Phytochemical analysis, vol. 23, issue 5, pp. 450–455.
10 Shibli, R.A., Ajlouni, M. (2000) Somatic embryogenesis in the endemic black iris. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol. 61, pp. 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006468122819.
11 Boltenkov E.V. (2002) Izucheniye osobennostey kul'tivirovaniya in vitro tkaney dal'nevostochnykh vidov roda Iris L. (Iridaceae) dlya ispol'zovaniya v biotekhnologii. [Study of features of in vitro tissues cultivation of Far Eastern species of Iris L. genus (Iridaceae) for use biotechnology]. Tekst.: Avtoref. Dis. candidate of biological Sciences / E.V. Boltenkov –Vladivostok, p. 24.
12 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Osobennosti vvedeniya v kul'turu in vitro irisa sibirskogo (/. sibirica L.) [Features of the introduction of in vitro culture of Iris sibirica (/. sibirica L.)]. Agrarnaya nauka sel'skomu khozyaystvu. Sbornik statey V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno – prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Barnaul. – Book 2, pp. 380–383.
13 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Polucheniye rasteniy-regenerantov irisa iz izolirovannykh zarodyshey v usloviyakh in vitro [Obtaining Iris regenerated plants from isolated embryos in vitro]. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no 7 (69), pp. 45–49.
14 Mopper Susan, Wiens Karen C., Goranova Greta A. (sept. 2016) Competition, salinity, and clonal growth in native and introduced Irises. American Journal of botany, vol. 103, issue 9, pp.1575–1581.
15 Kizil, S., Khawar, K.M. and Arslan, N. (2015). Introduction of Economically Important Bulbous Plants Collected from Wild Flora in SemiArid Climatic Conditions of Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. ActaHortic. 1077, 143–153. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic. 2015.1077.15 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1077.15.
16 Guo C. X., Zhou, Y., Dong Y. F., Chen F.Z., Tong J., Tong Z.F., Xu H.L., Tan Q. (2013) Introduction and Drought-Resistance Evaluation of Ten Iris Species. International Conference on Germplasm of Ornamentals. Acta Hortic. – 977, pp. 75–82.
17 Seliverstova E.N., Shchegrinets N.V. (2017) Kollektsionnyy fond semeystva Kasatikovykh (Iridaceae) v Stavropol’skom Botanicheskom sadu [Iridaceae family collection fund in Stavropol botanical garden]. Vestnik APK Stavropol’ya, vol. 2, pp. 194–196.
18 Introduktsiya lekarstvennykh, aromaticheskikh i tekhnicheskikh rasteniy (1965) [Introduction of medicinal,
aromatic and industrial plants]. Itogi rabot introduktsionnogo pitomnika BIN AN SSSR za 250 let. М. – L., pp. 152–156.
19 Dadasheva L.K., Ibadly O.V. (2010) Sostoyaniye tcenopopulyatsiy nekotorykh redkikh vidov rodov Tulipa i Iris na severo-vostoke azerbaydzhana [Status of center populations of some rare species of the genus Tulipa and Iris in the northeast of Azerbaijan]. Botanical Journal, vol. 95, issue 12, pp. 1737–1742.
20 Elisafenko T.V. (2010) Osobennosti ontogeneza Iris humilis (Iridaceae) v yestestvennykh usloviyakh v Tsentral'nom Altaye i v usloviyakh introduktsii v g. Novosibirske. [Features of the ontogenesis of Iris humilis (Iridaceae) in vivo in Central Altai and under conditions of introduction in Novosibirsk]. Rastitel’nye resursy, vol. 46, issue 4, pp. 21–34.
21 Indzheyeva L.A., Baktasheva N.M. (2013) Biologicheskiye osobennosti i struktura prirodnykh tsenopopulyatsiy Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link v respublike Kalmykiya [Biological features and structure of natural coenopopulations of Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link in the Republic of Kalmykia]. Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN, no 2, pp. 135–138.
22 Dovedan, Ines Han; Moric, Sanja; Sindrak, Zoran (jan-jun 2012) Influence of substrate and fertilization on growth and development of Iris adriatica. Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca, vol. 40, issue 1, pp. 212–215.
23 Volis Sergei, Dorman Michael, Blecher Michael, Sapir Yuval, Burdeniy Lev. (2011) Variation partitioning in canonical ordination reveals no effect of soil but an effect of co-occurring species on translocation success in Iris atrofusca. J. Applied ecology, vоl. 48, pp. 265–273.
24 Rasteniya prirodnoy flory Kazakhstana v introduktsii (1990) [Plants of the natural flora of Kazakhstan in the introduction]. Spravochnik. Alma-ata «Gylym», p. 287.
25 Ishmuratova M.M. (1999) Osobennosti kul'tivirovaniya in vitro rasteniy razlichnykh ekologicheskikh grupp na primere vidov roda Iris L. [Features of in vitro cultivation of plants of various ecological groups by the example of species of the genus Iris L.]. Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 67–74.
26 Ishmuratova M.M., Rakhimova A.F. (1999) Ispol'zovaniye kul'tury in vitro dlya razmnozheniya gibridov Iris L. [Using an in vitro culture to propagate Iris L. hybrids]. II Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 74–78.
27 S’edina I.A., Otradnih I.G. (2016) Fenoritmy redkih dekorativnykh travyanistykh rasteniy Severnogo Tyan'-Shanya v Al'pinarij botanicheskogo sada Almaty [Phenorhythms of rare ornamental herbaceous plants of the Northern Tien-Shan in the rock gardens of the Almaty Botanical Garden]. Sokhraneniye raznoobraziya rastitel'nogo mira v botanicheskikh sadakh: traditsii, sovremennost', perspektivy: mater. Mezhdunar. konf., posvyashchennoy 70–letiyu CSBS (Novosibirsk, 1–8 avgust). – Novosibirsk, pp. 288–289.
28 Metodika fenologicheskikh nablyudeniy v botanicheskikh sadakh SSSR (1983) [Methodology of phenological observations in the botanical gardens of the USSR]. – М., p. 27.
29 Metodika issledovaniy pri introduktsii lekarstvennykh rasteniy (1989) [Research technique for the introduction of medicinal plants]. – M., p. 39.
30 Grudzinskaya L.M. (2009) Introduktsionnyy analiz rasteniy semeystva Fabaceae Lindl. [Introduction analysis of plants of the family Fabaceae Lindl.]. Botanicheskiye issledovaniya Sibiri i Kazakhstana. Kemerovo, issue 15, pp. 94–102.
31 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (May 2016): APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vоl. 181, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.
32 Geltman D.V. (2019) Sovremennyye sistemy tsvetkovykh rasteniy [Modern flowering plant systems]. Botanical Journal, vоl. 104, pp. 78–87.
33 The Plant List. 2013. Version 1.1. http://www.theplantlist.org/.
34 Plantarium: otkrytyy onlayn atlas-opredelitel rasteniy i lishaynikov Rossii i sopredelnykh stran 2007–2020. [Plantarium: an open online atlas identifier of plants and lichens in Russia and neighboring countries]. http://www.plantarium.ru/. (In Russian).
2 Abdulina S.A. (1999) Spisok sosudistykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [List of vascular plants in Kazakhstan] pod
redaktsiyey R.V. Kamelina. – Almaty, pp. 106–107.
3 Baitenov M.S. (2001) Flora of Kazakhstan in 2 vol. Generic complex of flora. – Almaty: Gylym, vol. 2, p. 54.
4 Krasnaya kniga Kazakhstana (2014) [The Red Book of Kazakhstan]. Izd. 2–ye, pererabotannoye
dopolnennoye – vol. 2. – Rasteniya (koll. avtorov). – Astana. – ТОО «АртPrintXXI», pp. 335–337.
5 L.M. Grudzinskaya, N. G. Gemejiyeva, N. V. Nelina, ZH. ZH. Karzhaubekova (2014) Annotirovannyy spisok
lekarstvennykh rasteniy Kazakhstana [Annotated list of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan] /Spravochnoye izdaniye. Almaty, pp. 86–87.
6 Alekseyeva N.B. (2003) Itogi introduktsii vidov Iris L. (Iridaceae) flory Rossii i perspektivy ispol'zovaniya [Results of the introduction of species of Iris L. (Iridaceae) of the flora of Russia and prospects for use]. Sbornik statey botanicheskikh issledovaniy v Aziatskoy Rossii. Barnaul, vol. 3, pp. 137–138.
7 Alekseyeva N.B. Istoriya introduktsii dikorastushchikh vidov Iris (Iridaceae) flory Rossii. [History of introduction of wild species of Iris (Iridaceae) from flora of Russia]. (accessed: https://www.binran.ru/files/publications/Proceedings/Proceedings – 300 – years).
8 Abdel Nasser B. Singab, Iriny M. Ayoub, Mohamed El-Shazly, Michal Korinek, Tung-Ying Wu, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Yang-Chang Wu. (DEC 15. 2016) Shedding the light on Iridaceae: Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity. Industrial crop and products, vol. 92, pp. 308–335.
9 Roger B., Jeannot V., Fernandez S., Cerantola J. (sep-oct. 2012) Characterisation and Quantification of Flavonoids in Iris germanica L. and Iris pallida Lam. Resinoids from Morocco. Phytochemical analysis, vol. 23, issue 5, pp. 450–455.
10 Shibli, R.A., Ajlouni, M. (2000) Somatic embryogenesis in the endemic black iris. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, vol. 61, pp. 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006468122819.
11 Boltenkov E.V. (2002) Izucheniye osobennostey kul'tivirovaniya in vitro tkaney dal'nevostochnykh vidov roda Iris L. (Iridaceae) dlya ispol'zovaniya v biotekhnologii. [Study of features of in vitro tissues cultivation of Far Eastern species of Iris L. genus (Iridaceae) for use biotechnology]. Tekst.: Avtoref. Dis. candidate of biological Sciences / E.V. Boltenkov –Vladivostok, p. 24.
12 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Osobennosti vvedeniya v kul'turu in vitro irisa sibirskogo (/. sibirica L.) [Features of the introduction of in vitro culture of Iris sibirica (/. sibirica L.)]. Agrarnaya nauka sel'skomu khozyaystvu. Sbornik statey V Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno – prakticheskoy konferentsii. – Barnaul. – Book 2, pp. 380–383.
13 Tikhomirova L.I. (2010) Polucheniye rasteniy-regenerantov irisa iz izolirovannykh zarodyshey v usloviyakh in vitro [Obtaining Iris regenerated plants from isolated embryos in vitro]. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no 7 (69), pp. 45–49.
14 Mopper Susan, Wiens Karen C., Goranova Greta A. (sept. 2016) Competition, salinity, and clonal growth in native and introduced Irises. American Journal of botany, vol. 103, issue 9, pp.1575–1581.
15 Kizil, S., Khawar, K.M. and Arslan, N. (2015). Introduction of Economically Important Bulbous Plants Collected from Wild Flora in SemiArid Climatic Conditions of Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. ActaHortic. 1077, 143–153. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic. 2015.1077.15 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1077.15.
16 Guo C. X., Zhou, Y., Dong Y. F., Chen F.Z., Tong J., Tong Z.F., Xu H.L., Tan Q. (2013) Introduction and Drought-Resistance Evaluation of Ten Iris Species. International Conference on Germplasm of Ornamentals. Acta Hortic. – 977, pp. 75–82.
17 Seliverstova E.N., Shchegrinets N.V. (2017) Kollektsionnyy fond semeystva Kasatikovykh (Iridaceae) v Stavropol’skom Botanicheskom sadu [Iridaceae family collection fund in Stavropol botanical garden]. Vestnik APK Stavropol’ya, vol. 2, pp. 194–196.
18 Introduktsiya lekarstvennykh, aromaticheskikh i tekhnicheskikh rasteniy (1965) [Introduction of medicinal,
aromatic and industrial plants]. Itogi rabot introduktsionnogo pitomnika BIN AN SSSR za 250 let. М. – L., pp. 152–156.
19 Dadasheva L.K., Ibadly O.V. (2010) Sostoyaniye tcenopopulyatsiy nekotorykh redkikh vidov rodov Tulipa i Iris na severo-vostoke azerbaydzhana [Status of center populations of some rare species of the genus Tulipa and Iris in the northeast of Azerbaijan]. Botanical Journal, vol. 95, issue 12, pp. 1737–1742.
20 Elisafenko T.V. (2010) Osobennosti ontogeneza Iris humilis (Iridaceae) v yestestvennykh usloviyakh v Tsentral'nom Altaye i v usloviyakh introduktsii v g. Novosibirske. [Features of the ontogenesis of Iris humilis (Iridaceae) in vivo in Central Altai and under conditions of introduction in Novosibirsk]. Rastitel’nye resursy, vol. 46, issue 4, pp. 21–34.
21 Indzheyeva L.A., Baktasheva N.M. (2013) Biologicheskiye osobennosti i struktura prirodnykh tsenopopulyatsiy Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link v respublike Kalmykiya [Biological features and structure of natural coenopopulations of Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link in the Republic of Kalmykia]. Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN, no 2, pp. 135–138.
22 Dovedan, Ines Han; Moric, Sanja; Sindrak, Zoran (jan-jun 2012) Influence of substrate and fertilization on growth and development of Iris adriatica. Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca, vol. 40, issue 1, pp. 212–215.
23 Volis Sergei, Dorman Michael, Blecher Michael, Sapir Yuval, Burdeniy Lev. (2011) Variation partitioning in canonical ordination reveals no effect of soil but an effect of co-occurring species on translocation success in Iris atrofusca. J. Applied ecology, vоl. 48, pp. 265–273.
24 Rasteniya prirodnoy flory Kazakhstana v introduktsii (1990) [Plants of the natural flora of Kazakhstan in the introduction]. Spravochnik. Alma-ata «Gylym», p. 287.
25 Ishmuratova M.M. (1999) Osobennosti kul'tivirovaniya in vitro rasteniy razlichnykh ekologicheskikh grupp na primere vidov roda Iris L. [Features of in vitro cultivation of plants of various ecological groups by the example of species of the genus Iris L.]. Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 67–74.
26 Ishmuratova M.M., Rakhimova A.F. (1999) Ispol'zovaniye kul'tury in vitro dlya razmnozheniya gibridov Iris L. [Using an in vitro culture to propagate Iris L. hybrids]. II Rast. resursy, vol. 35, pp. 74–78.
27 S’edina I.A., Otradnih I.G. (2016) Fenoritmy redkih dekorativnykh travyanistykh rasteniy Severnogo Tyan'-Shanya v Al'pinarij botanicheskogo sada Almaty [Phenorhythms of rare ornamental herbaceous plants of the Northern Tien-Shan in the rock gardens of the Almaty Botanical Garden]. Sokhraneniye raznoobraziya rastitel'nogo mira v botanicheskikh sadakh: traditsii, sovremennost', perspektivy: mater. Mezhdunar. konf., posvyashchennoy 70–letiyu CSBS (Novosibirsk, 1–8 avgust). – Novosibirsk, pp. 288–289.
28 Metodika fenologicheskikh nablyudeniy v botanicheskikh sadakh SSSR (1983) [Methodology of phenological observations in the botanical gardens of the USSR]. – М., p. 27.
29 Metodika issledovaniy pri introduktsii lekarstvennykh rasteniy (1989) [Research technique for the introduction of medicinal plants]. – M., p. 39.
30 Grudzinskaya L.M. (2009) Introduktsionnyy analiz rasteniy semeystva Fabaceae Lindl. [Introduction analysis of plants of the family Fabaceae Lindl.]. Botanicheskiye issledovaniya Sibiri i Kazakhstana. Kemerovo, issue 15, pp. 94–102.
31 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (May 2016): APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, vоl. 181, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.
32 Geltman D.V. (2019) Sovremennyye sistemy tsvetkovykh rasteniy [Modern flowering plant systems]. Botanical Journal, vоl. 104, pp. 78–87.
33 The Plant List. 2013. Version 1.1. http://www.theplantlist.org/.
34 Plantarium: otkrytyy onlayn atlas-opredelitel rasteniy i lishaynikov Rossii i sopredelnykh stran 2007–2020. [Plantarium: an open online atlas identifier of plants and lichens in Russia and neighboring countries]. http://www.plantarium.ru/. (In Russian).
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Ramazanova М. S., Grudzinskaya, L. M., & Gemejiyeva, N. G. (2020). Интродукция Казахстанских видов Ирисов. Вестник КазНУ. Серия биологическая, 83(2), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.26577//eb.2020.v83.i2.02
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