ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫЕ БАКТЕРИЯМИ РОДОВ AEROMONAS И PSEUDOMONAS ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ РЫБ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕГУЛИРУЕМЫХ СИСТЕМ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2021.v87.i2.01Аннотация
Аквакультура представляет более высокую долю мирового производства рыбы и оказывает сильное влияние на ценообразование в секторе в целом (как производстве, так и торговле). Установлено, что общая стоимость продажи продукции рыболовства и аквакультуры в 2016 году оценивалась в 362 млрд долларов США, из которых 232 млрд долларов США приходилось на продукцию аквакультуры. В период с 1961 по 2016 год среднегодовое увеличение мирового потребления пищевой рыбы (3,2 процента) опережало рост популяции (на 1,6 процента) и превышало потребление мяса всех наземных животных, вместе взятых (на 2,8 процента). За счет создания оптимальных условий выращивания таких как температурный, кислородный и гидрохимический режимы, значительно сокращаются сроки роста и полового созревания рыб что способствует развитию индустриальной аквакультуры. Однако быстрое развитие аквакультуры сопровождается вспышками заболеваний, вызванных бактериальной инфекцией, которые приводят к высокой смертности и катастрофическим экономическим потерям. Массовые вспышки могут происходить внезапно под действием стрессовых факторов, возникающих в связи с резким изменением условий содержания, а также увеличением плотностей посадок объектов выращивания. Наиболее тяжелыми бактериальными заболеваниями в аквакультуре являются инфекции, вызываемые представителями родов Aeromonas и Pseudomonas. Бактерии родов Aeromonas и Pseudomonas являются возбудителями геморрагической септицемии (Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens), фурункулеза (Aeromonas salmonicida) ежегодно являющиеся причинами экономических потерь в аквакультуре. В настоящее время из-за широкого и часто неконтролируемого использования антибиотиков количество бактерий, устойчивых к антибиотикам, резко возросло и является основной причиной заболеваемости и смертности. Это явление может не только привести к неудаче антимикробной терапии, но и вызвать опасения относительно безопасности рыбных продуктов.
В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются современные данные о заболеваниях рыб, вызываемые бактериями родов Aeromonas и Pseudomonas, доминирующих факторах вирулентности, проблемы идентификации и устойчивости к антибиотикам.
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Как цитировать
Бакиев S. S., & Бисенбаев A. K. (2021). ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫЕ БАКТЕРИЯМИ РОДОВ AEROMONAS И PSEUDOMONAS ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ РЫБ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕГУЛИРУЕМЫХ СИСТЕМ. Вестник КазНУ. Серия биологическая, 87(2), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2021.v87.i2.01
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