Resource assessment and ecological-phytocenotic structure of pasture lands of the Central Kazakhstan hill chain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2020.v82.i1.03Abstract
This paper presents the results of complex studies of pasture lands of Central Kazakhstan. The research was carried out on the territory of Karaganda region in the South-Eastern part of the Central Kazakhstan melkosopochnik. The article gives detailed geobotanical descriptions of plant communities and resources of pasture lands on two model farms of LLP "Atamura-Tabys" and KH "Er-DOS". Systematic analysis of all plant communities in the study area showed that the largest number of species is concentrated in the families Poaceae; Asteraceae; Rosaceae; Lamiaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Quality assessment of the fodder value of plant communities LLP "Atamura-Tabys" showed that community reedgrass - grass- sagebrush steppes with participation of shrubs and forb-herd grass-fescue-quack-grass meadow steppes are characterized by average quality pasture with a yield of 19.2 с/ha and 29.6 с/ha. Good fodder significance is characterized by a community of mixed-gramineous and grass-herdsman meadows where species with high and good fodder dignity predominate, and yields of 30.4 c/ha. In the plant communities of Peasant Farm «Er-DOS», the average quality indicator of pasture lands is characterized by mixed herbs-feather grass-spirea steppes and peat-land meadow in river floodplains with the participation of mixed-gramineous communities, where yields on average are 14.1 and 17.2 c/ha. Communities on steppe halophytic meadows should be attributed to pastures with a low quality index of feed significance with a low yield of 7.3 c/ha.
Key words: Pasture, animal breeding, Central Kazakhstan hill chain, Karaganda region, Republic of Kazakhstan, productivity, vegetation, resources.
References
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7. Vanselow K.A., Kraudzun T., Samimi C. (2012) Grazing practices and pasture tenure in the Eastern Pamirs: the nexus of pasture use, pasture potential and property rights. Mountain Research and Development. 32: 324-336. DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00001.1
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9. Herrick J., Weltz M., Reeder J.D., Schuman C.E., Simanton J.R. (2018) Rangeland Soil Erosion and Soil Quality: Role of Soil Resistance, Resilience, and Disturbance Regime. Soil Quality and Soil Erosion. 18: 209-233. DOI: 10.1201/9780203739266-13
10. Haddad M., Strohmeier S., Rahbeh M., Nouwakpo S., Al-Hamdan O., Weltz M. (2018) Land degradation risk assessment for sustainable rangeland restoration in Jordan. Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP) Regional Conference, Dead Sea, Jordan. Р. 523
11. McGwire K., Weltz M., Snyder K., Huntington J., Morton Ch., McEvoy D. (2017) Satellite Assessment of Early-Season Forecasts for Vegetation Conditions of Grazing Allotments in Nevada, United States. Rangeland Ecology & Management. 70:730-739. DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2017.06.005
12. McGwire K., Weltz M., Finzel J., Morris Ch., Fenstermaker L., McGraw D. (2013) Multiscale assessment of green leaf cover in a semi-arid rangeland with a small unmanned aerial vehicle. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 34: 1615-1632. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2012.723836
13. Хабаров Д. А., Адиев Т.С., Попова О. О., Чугунов В.А., Кожевников В.А. Анализ современных технологий дистанционного зондирования Земли // Московский экономический журнал. 2019. №1. pp. 181-190. doi:10.24411/2413-046X-2019-11068
14. Saparov A. (2014) Strategy of Sustainable Soil and Plant Resource Management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Environmental Science and Engineering (Subseries: Environmental Science). № 7: 611-619. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01017-5_38
15. Robinson S., Kerven C., Behnke R., Milner-Gulland E.J., Kushenov K (2016) The changing role of bio-physical and socio-economic drivers in determining livestock distributions: A historical perspective from Kazakhstan. Agricultural Systems. 143: 169-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.12.018
16. Alimaev I.I., Behnke R.H. (2008) Ideology, Land Tenure and Livestock Mobility in Kazakhstan. Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes: Consequences for Human and Natural Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. 151-178. Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4906-4
17. Tokusheva A.S., Nugmanov A.B., Melnikov V.A. (2017) Degraded pastures improvement using no-till technology in Northern Kazakhstan. Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 23: 1242-1248.
18. Mirzabaev A., Ahmed M., Werner J., Louhaichi M., Pender J. (2016) Rangelands of Central Asia: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Arid Land. 8: 93-108. DOI: 10.1007/s40333-015-0057-5
19. Курочкина Л.Я., Карибаева К.Н., Байжуманов А.Б., Мищенко А.Б., Тойлыбаев А.Ж., Масимов А.К., Исабаева А.Б. (2004). Рекомендации по управлению кормовыми угодьями фермерских хозяйств Южного Прибалхашья (на примере 2-х крестьянских хозяйств). Алматы: ОО ХХI век. 56 с.
20. Димеева Л.А. О дополнительных критериях оценки состояния и восстановления антропогенных экосистем. Аридные экосистемы. 2004. Т. 10. № 22-23. С. 112-120.
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22. Работнов, Т.А. Определение возрастного состава популяций видов в сообществе / Т. А. Работнов // Полевая геоботаника. М-Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1964. – С. 132–145.
23. Смирнова, О. В. Объем счетной единицы при изучении ценопопуляций растений различных биоморф. / О. В. Смирнова // Ценопопуляция растений: Основные понятия и структура. – М., 1976. – С. 72–80.
24. Доспехов Б.А. Методика полевого опыта (с основами статистической обработки результатов исследований). – 5-е изд., доп. и перераб. - М., «Агропромиздат», 1985.
25. Надеин Н.В. Методика полевого опыта. - М., «Колос», 1983.
26. Лака Э. Методика определения состояние пастбищ, Калифорнийский университет, США, 1997.
27. Прокопьев Е.П. Растительный покров поймы Иртыша / Томский государственный университет. ответственный редактор А.И. Пяк. Томск, 2012. С. 473-507.
References
1. Abaturov B.D., Kazmin V.D., Dzhapova R.R., Ayusheva E.C., Dzhapova V.V., Nokhaeva D.V., Kolesnikov M.P., Minoranskiy V.A., Kuznetsov Y.E. (2018) Forage Resources, Nutrition, and Food Supply of Free-Grazing Camels (Сamelus bactrianus) in a Pasture within the Natural Steppe Zone. Biology Bulletin, vol. 9, pp. 961-972. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359018090029
2. Alimaev I.I., Behnke R.H. (2008) Ideology, Land Tenure and Livestock Mobility in Kazakhstan. Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes: Consequences for Human and Natural Systems. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 151-178. Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4906-4
3. Bykov BA. (1957) Geobotanika [Geobotany] Almaty, pp. 287 p. (In Russian).
4. Dospekhov B.A. (1985) Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoi obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovanii). – 5-e izd., dop. i pererab [Methodology of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). - 5th edition, expanded and revised] Agropromizdat, Moscow, Russia. 86 p. (In Russian).
5. Demeeva L.A. (2004) O dopolnitel'nykh kriteriiakh otsenki sostoianiia i vosstanovleniia antropogennykh ekosistem. Aridnye ekosistemy [Additional criteria for evaluating the state and recovery of man-made ecosystems] Arid ecosystems, vol. 10, pp. 12-120. (In Russian).
6. Herrick J., Weltz M., Reeder J.D., Schuman C.E., Simanton J.R. (2018) Rangeland Soil Erosion and Soil Quality: Role of Soil Resistance, Resilience, and Disturbance Regime. Soil Quality and Soil Erosion, vol. 18, pp. 209-233. DOI: 10.1201/9780203739266-13
7. Haddad M., Strohmeier S., Rahbeh M., Nouwakpo S., Al-Hamdan O., Weltz M. (2018) Land degradation risk assessment for sustainable rangeland restoration in Jordan. Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP) Regional Conference, Dead Sea, Jordan, Р. 523
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