ЭКОСИСТЕМНЫЕ УСЛУГИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТРОСТНИКОВЫМИ ЗАРОСЛЯМИ ДЕЛЬТЫ РЕКИ ИЛИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2023.v96.i3.013Ключевые слова:
дельта р. Или, Phragmites australis, Рамсарские ветланды, экосистемные услуги, менеджмент тростниковых сообществ, значение тростника в ООПТАннотация
Характерной чертой водно-болотных угодий дельты реки Или, является преобладание тростника (Phragmites australis) в составе их растительных сообществ. Тростниковые заросли экологически ценные экосистемы, выполняющие важную роль в круговороте биогенных веществ, в секвестрации углерода, выработке кислорода и в поддержании биоразнообразия. Экосистемы дельты Или обеспечивают широкий спектр экосистемных услуг и используются людьми в хозяйственно-экономических целях на протяжении веков. Были исследованы основные виды экосистемных услуг тростниковых сообществ водно-болотных угодий дельты и дан анализ различных вариантов управления тростниковыми сообществами, описаны существующие сложности и конфликтный потенциал между сохранением биоразнообразия и сложившейся хозяйственно-экономической деятельностью местного населения и приезжих. Предложены некоторые инновационные варианты более эффективного и устойчивого использования тростниковой биомассы для хозяйственных целей и пути оптимального управления тростниковыми ценозами с учетом их функционального значения для биоразнообразия.
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