МУЛЬТИОМНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ИЗУЧЕНИИ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2021.v89.i4.03Аннотация
В данном обзоре рассмотрены мультиомные (транскриптомные и протеомные) подходы исследования, нашедшие широкое применение в современной микробиологии. Транскриптомный подход важен для прогнозирования устойчивости микроорганизмов к конкретным используемым антибиотикам, а также для понимания механизмов возникновения антибиотикоустойчивости. В этом обзоре наиболее подробно рассмотрены вопросы изучения транскрипционного ответа у микроорганизмов после воздействия на них in vitro субингибиторных концентраций антимикробных препаратов. Показано, что антибиотики вызывают в бактериальных клетках как фенотипические, так и генетические изменения, способствуя появлению резистентности к ним. Аналогично, подход, основанный на протеомике, расширяет представление о бактериальной стратегии противодействия антибиотикам, а также способствует более полному пониманию механизмов возникновения устойчивости к антимикробным препаратам, что позволит в будущем, управлять растущей эпидемией устойчивых к антибиотикам инфекций. В настоящем обзоре, наиболее подробно рассматриваются преимущества использования, одного из широко распространённых в клинической микробиологии подходов протеомики, MALDI-TOF MS. Показано, что данный подход является наиболее мощным инструментом изучения белкового профиля, по сравнению с другими методами.
Таким образом, развитие высокопроизводительных методов транскриптомики и протеомики сделало возможным анализ больших совокупностей мРНК и белков, что позволило выявить функционально значимые сети межмолекулярных взаимодействий, и тем самым позволило расширить современные представления о механизмах возникновения устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам.
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