Эксцизионная репарация оксидативно поврежденных оснований ДНК в растениях

Авторы

  • A. K. Bissenbaev Казахский Национальный университет имени аль-Фараби, г. Алматы, Казахстан Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологии и биотехнологии

Ключевые слова:

Активные формы кислорода, Эксцизионная репарация, ДНК-гликозилаза, АР-эндонуклеаза, ДНК-полимераза.

Аннотация

Активные формы кислорода вызывают повреждение всех клеточных макромолекул, включая мембранные липиды, белки и нуклеиновые кислоты. Повышенный уровень активных форм кислорода приводит к гибели, как клеток растений, так и животных, что указывает на общность механизмов действия свободных радикалов кислорода. ДНК является основной мишенью для радикалов кислорода. В настоящее время описано 80 разных типов повреждений ДНК связанных с радикалами кислорода, включая разрывы в цепи ДНК и модификации сахаров. Окислительное повреждение оснований ДНК в основном являются субстратом эксцизионной репарации оснований. Механизмы репарации таких повреждений ДНК является объектом интенсивных исследований у бактерий, дрожжей и клеток млекопитающих, малопонятными и прак­тически не изученными остаются эти проблемы в растениях, пренебрегая при этом особым статусом растений среди живых существ и их сельскохозяйственной ценностью. Последние данные в области изучения репарации ДНК у высших растений указывают на то, что растения используют механизмы, аналогичные тем, которые присутствуют в других эукариотических организмах. В растениях репарация ДНК является не только фундаментальным клеточным процессом для защиты клеток от повреждений, но также имеет важное значение для обеспечения точной передачи генетической информации от одного поколения к другому.

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