Ресурсная оценка и эколого-фитоценотическая структура пастбищных угодий Центрально-Казахстанского мелкосопочника
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/eb.2020.v82.i1.03Аннотация
В данной работе приводятся результаты комплексных исследований пастбищных угодий Центрального Казахстана. Исследования проводились на территории Карагандинской области в юго-восточной части Центрально-Казахстанского мелкосопочника. В статье даны подробные геоботанические описания растительных сообществ и ресурсов пастбищных угодий на двух модельных хозяйствах ТОО «Атамура-Табыс» и КХ «Ер-Дос». Систематический анализ по всем растительным сообществам исследуемой территории показал, что наибольшее число видов сосредоточено в семействах Poaceae; Asteraceae; Rosaceae; Lamiaceae и Scrophulariaceae. По результатам оценки качества кормовой ценности растительных сообществ ТОО «Атамура-Табыс» установлено, что сообщества вейниково-ковыльно-полынные степи с участием кустарников и разнотравно-тимофеевково-типчаково-пырейные луговые степи характеризуются средним показателем качества пастбищных угодий с урожайностью 19,2 ц/га и 29,6 ц/га. Хорошей кормовой значимостью характеризуется сообщество разнотравно-злаковых и злаково-разнотравных лугов где преобладают виды с высоким и хорошим кормовым достоинством, и урожайностью 30,4 ц/га. В растительных сообществах КХ «Ер-Дос» средним показателем качества пастбищных угодий характеризуются разнотравно-ковыльно-таволговые степи и болотистые луга в поймах речек с участием разнотравно-злаковых сообществ, где урожайность в среднем составляет 14,1 и 17,2 ц/га. Сообщества на остепенённых галофитных лугах следует отнести к пастбищам с низким показателем качества кормовой значимости с низкой урожайностью 7,3 ц/га.
Ключевые слова: Пастбищные угодья, животноводство, Центрально-Казахстанский мелкосопочник, Карагандинская область, Республика Казахстан, урожайность, растительность, ресурсы.
Библиографические ссылки
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5. Johansen L., Wehn S., Kallioniemi E., Westin A., Lennartsson T., Iuga A., Ivascu C.M. (2019)Traditional semi-natural grassland management with heterogeneous mowing times enhances flower resources for pollinators in agricultural landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation. 18: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00619
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10. Haddad M., Strohmeier S., Rahbeh M., Nouwakpo S., Al-Hamdan O., Weltz M. (2018) Land degradation risk assessment for sustainable rangeland restoration in Jordan. Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP) Regional Conference, Dead Sea, Jordan. Р. 523
11. McGwire K., Weltz M., Snyder K., Huntington J., Morton Ch., McEvoy D. (2017) Satellite Assessment of Early-Season Forecasts for Vegetation Conditions of Grazing Allotments in Nevada, United States. Rangeland Ecology & Management. 70:730-739. DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2017.06.005
12. McGwire K., Weltz M., Finzel J., Morris Ch., Fenstermaker L., McGraw D. (2013) Multiscale assessment of green leaf cover in a semi-arid rangeland with a small unmanned aerial vehicle. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 34: 1615-1632. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2012.723836
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16. Alimaev I.I., Behnke R.H. (2008) Ideology, Land Tenure and Livestock Mobility in Kazakhstan. Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes: Consequences for Human and Natural Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. 151-178. Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4906-4
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22. Работнов, Т.А. Определение возрастного состава популяций видов в сообществе / Т. А. Работнов // Полевая геоботаника. М-Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1964. – С. 132–145.
23. Смирнова, О. В. Объем счетной единицы при изучении ценопопуляций растений различных биоморф. / О. В. Смирнова // Ценопопуляция растений: Основные понятия и структура. – М., 1976. – С. 72–80.
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25. Надеин Н.В. Методика полевого опыта. - М., «Колос», 1983.
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27. Прокопьев Е.П. Растительный покров поймы Иртыша / Томский государственный университет. ответственный редактор А.И. Пяк. Томск, 2012. С. 473-507.
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9. Herrick J., Weltz M., Reeder J.D., Schuman C.E., Simanton J.R. (2018) Rangeland Soil Erosion and Soil Quality: Role of Soil Resistance, Resilience, and Disturbance Regime. Soil Quality and Soil Erosion. 18: 209-233. DOI: 10.1201/9780203739266-13
10. Haddad M., Strohmeier S., Rahbeh M., Nouwakpo S., Al-Hamdan O., Weltz M. (2018) Land degradation risk assessment for sustainable rangeland restoration in Jordan. Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP) Regional Conference, Dead Sea, Jordan. Р. 523
11. McGwire K., Weltz M., Snyder K., Huntington J., Morton Ch., McEvoy D. (2017) Satellite Assessment of Early-Season Forecasts for Vegetation Conditions of Grazing Allotments in Nevada, United States. Rangeland Ecology & Management. 70:730-739. DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2017.06.005
12. McGwire K., Weltz M., Finzel J., Morris Ch., Fenstermaker L., McGraw D. (2013) Multiscale assessment of green leaf cover in a semi-arid rangeland with a small unmanned aerial vehicle. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 34: 1615-1632. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2012.723836
13. Хабаров Д. А., Адиев Т.С., Попова О. О., Чугунов В.А., Кожевников В.А. Анализ современных технологий дистанционного зондирования Земли // Московский экономический журнал. 2019. №1. pp. 181-190. doi:10.24411/2413-046X-2019-11068
14. Saparov A. (2014) Strategy of Sustainable Soil and Plant Resource Management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Environmental Science and Engineering (Subseries: Environmental Science). № 7: 611-619. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01017-5_38
15. Robinson S., Kerven C., Behnke R., Milner-Gulland E.J., Kushenov K (2016) The changing role of bio-physical and socio-economic drivers in determining livestock distributions: A historical perspective from Kazakhstan. Agricultural Systems. 143: 169-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.12.018
16. Alimaev I.I., Behnke R.H. (2008) Ideology, Land Tenure and Livestock Mobility in Kazakhstan. Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes: Consequences for Human and Natural Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. 151-178. Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4906-4
17. Tokusheva A.S., Nugmanov A.B., Melnikov V.A. (2017) Degraded pastures improvement using no-till technology in Northern Kazakhstan. Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 23: 1242-1248.
18. Mirzabaev A., Ahmed M., Werner J., Louhaichi M., Pender J. (2016) Rangelands of Central Asia: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Arid Land. 8: 93-108. DOI: 10.1007/s40333-015-0057-5
19. Курочкина Л.Я., Карибаева К.Н., Байжуманов А.Б., Мищенко А.Б., Тойлыбаев А.Ж., Масимов А.К., Исабаева А.Б. (2004). Рекомендации по управлению кормовыми угодьями фермерских хозяйств Южного Прибалхашья (на примере 2-х крестьянских хозяйств). Алматы: ОО ХХI век. 56 с.
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22. Работнов, Т.А. Определение возрастного состава популяций видов в сообществе / Т. А. Работнов // Полевая геоботаника. М-Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1964. – С. 132–145.
23. Смирнова, О. В. Объем счетной единицы при изучении ценопопуляций растений различных биоморф. / О. В. Смирнова // Ценопопуляция растений: Основные понятия и структура. – М., 1976. – С. 72–80.
24. Доспехов Б.А. Методика полевого опыта (с основами статистической обработки результатов исследований). – 5-е изд., доп. и перераб. - М., «Агропромиздат», 1985.
25. Надеин Н.В. Методика полевого опыта. - М., «Колос», 1983.
26. Лака Э. Методика определения состояние пастбищ, Калифорнийский университет, США, 1997.
27. Прокопьев Е.П. Растительный покров поймы Иртыша / Томский государственный университет. ответственный редактор А.И. Пяк. Томск, 2012. С. 473-507.
References
1. Abaturov B.D., Kazmin V.D., Dzhapova R.R., Ayusheva E.C., Dzhapova V.V., Nokhaeva D.V., Kolesnikov M.P., Minoranskiy V.A., Kuznetsov Y.E. (2018) Forage Resources, Nutrition, and Food Supply of Free-Grazing Camels (Сamelus bactrianus) in a Pasture within the Natural Steppe Zone. Biology Bulletin, vol. 9, pp. 961-972. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359018090029
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2020-04-21
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